答案解析
Section ⅠListening Comprehension
听力部分原文
Part A
M：Margaret Welch was born in Philadelphia in 1901.She began her studies at DePauw University in 1919，but after a year she transferred to study at Barnard University，Majoring in sociology.She received her undergraduate degree from Barnard in 1923.She ultimately acquired a PhD from Columbia University in 1929.
She married Dr.Reo Fortune in 1928. Together they wrote Growing Up In New Guinea，published in 1930.Welch worked with her husband on another book called Balanese Character that was published in 1942.
At the age of 23，Dr.Welch undertook a field study in the South Pacific.The experience resulted in her writing of her highly popular book Coming of Age In Samoa，published in 1928.Dr.Welchs interests and writings centered on religions.She worked in the Department of Anthropology at the American Museum of Natural History from 1926 through to the end of her life.She was a professor of anthropology at Columbia starting in the year 1954，working with her old associate Ruth Benedict. She wrote a book entitled An Anthropologist At Work about Benedict.It was published in 1959.
Margaret Welch died in 1978.
W：You now have 30 seconds to check you answers to Questions 1-5.
Part B
W：When I was getting divorced in 1975，reporters and cameramen were camped out for days in the lobby and on the sidewalk outside.They came from all over the country.Foreign reporters too.It was terrible.My neighbors could barely get in and out of the building. One reporter，who had been a friend of mine，got up to my apartment after persuading the doorman into believing that he was there on a personal visit.I wouldnt let him in .He just wanted to talk，he said.I was certain that he had a camera and wanted a picture of me looking depressed.I just couldnt believe this attempt to invade my privacy.TV is the worst.TV reporters present themselves as having the perfect right to be anywhere，to ask any question.It doesnt matter how personal the matter may be.
People dont trust the press the way they used to. In most cases，stories are sensationalized in order to attract more public attention. Some papers print things that simply are not true.In many papers，if a correction has to be made，its usually buried among advertisements.Ive received hundreds of letters from people asking me how do you know whats true in the press these days.I find it difficult to respond sometimes.I tell them that there are good newspapers and serious，responsible and honest reporters.Dont judge all of us by the standards of the bad ones.Unless the guys at the top—the editors and the news directors-take firm action，pretty soon no one is going to believe anything they read in the papers of see on television news.
M：You now have 50 seconds to check your answers to Questions 6-10.
Part C
(一)
M：Next time you bring your kids in for a checkup，dont be surprised if the doctor asks about their tastes in entertainment.The American Academy of Medicine suggested last week that doctors work with parents to evaluate how much TV kids watch and what they see， what video and computer games they play，which websites they visit on the Internet，whether they view R-rated videos without the company of their parents，what music they like and what books they read.Doctors are worried that kids who spend too much time in front of the tube dont get enough exercise and can become overweight.The academy is also concerned that the messages kids get from entertainment media can make them more violent and sexually active.
The academy recommends that children under age two not watch any TV.“Children need activities to stimulate the brain during the first two years of life，”says Dr.Miriam Baron，who chairs the academys committee on public education.“They need feedback and socialization.”Older children，she says，should watch TV in a common area.Their bedrooms should be “electronic media-free”zones where they can have a quiet place to read，study，play or just relax.
W：You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 11-13.
(二)
W：If youre in your 20s，you own your first car，your career is more or less launched，and youre starting to look forward to owning a home.But youre worried，too.Perhaps youve got some debt.You probably dont have much in the way of savings.And with all your expenses，it doesnt look like youll be able to improve that situation soon.
If you wonder how to cut corners，theres an obvious place to look-at your spending habits.
Do you buy a soda each weekend?Waste $ 1 a day for 40 years and，when youre set to retire，youll find your account is short by $ 190，000.Grab a calculator and youll discover that，over 40 years going out to dinner twice a month at $ 40 each time amounts to half a million.Even a pack-a day cigarette habit will lighten your retirement account by $ 330，000.And the same with cable TV and those cool earrings.They will probably amount to as much as one million.
So，the first clue to accumulating wealth is this：focus on your spending habits.Here are a couple of tricks to help you save even if you swear you cant afford to. Stop buying things that fall rather than rise in value.Pay yourself first：Before you pay the monthly bills，send $ 25 to a mutual fund. Stop spending coins.From nwo on，spend only paper currency，and keep the change every day.Get your family involved，and youll double your savings.Use discount tickets at the supermarket—but use them correctly.How? If you really want to make these tickets worthwhile，you actually must invest into your mutual fund the amount you save by using the tickets.Otherwise，youre wasting your time—and your money.
M：You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 14-16.
(三)
W：Mr. Glieberman，do you see any change in the high rate of broken marriages?
M：The divorce rate is beginning to level off and probably will begin to drop in the next year or two，though not significantly.The tight economy has made it more difficult for troubled couples to handle all the costs associated with setting up separate house-holds.Also，I believe theres a comeback of thought—after the turbulent60s and70s—that the family does have value.In the midst of change and family disintegration， people seem to have a greater desire now to create stability in their lives.
W：What is the divorce rate now?
M：About 1 in 3 marriages ends in divorce，a ratio far higher than it was 20 years ago when the philosophy was “Well tough it out no matter what.Society demands that，for appearances sake，we stay together.”
Divorce no longer carries much disgrace.Theres no way，for example，that Ronald Reagan，a divorced man，could have been elected President in 1960.And there are countless other divorced politicians who years ago would have been voted out of office if they had even considered a divorce， let alone gotten one.
The same was true in the corporate structure，where divorced people rarely moved up the executive ladder.Now corporations welcome a divorced man，because they can shift him around the country without worrying about relocating his family or making certain that they are happy.
W：You now have 40 seconds to check your answers to Questions 17-20.
Section Ⅱ Use of English
21[答案]A
[注释]本题固然涉及副词的使用知识，然而，更重要的是考查考生句与句之间语义逻辑的理解能力。本题考察对上下文句意的理解。第一句指出：人们常拿二十世纪电视的发展同十五六世纪印刷术的普及作比较。第二句承上转折，但在(十五六世纪到二十世纪)这段时间内发生了许多事，强调两者是不能相提并论的。四个选项都是时间副词，但只有between…A and …B结构，而忽略了它可以作为副词，表示介于某两从此时间或地点之间的时间或地点，此时between=in between adv.
22[答案]D
[注释]本题考查考生对“it was not until……that……”句型的把握。until表示“直到……才”，在it was not until+时间 that+句子中，句中谓语动词用一般过去时，句意直到十九世纪，报纸才成为主要媒介。如果使用by，是句子时态应改为完成时，即“by the 19th century the newspaper had become the dominant medium”，在19世纪之前，报纸已成为主要媒介。而选[A]、[C]均不符合历史事实，报纸就是在19世纪开始发展成为主要媒体的。
23[答案]C
[注释]本题考查考生的词汇知识。medium是媒体，媒介的意思，复数形式为media，mass media指大众传媒，大众传播工具(尤指电视、报纸、无线电等)考生往往熟知media，却不知道其单数形式medium.
24[答案]B
[注释]本题主要考查介词短语知识。从the pamphlet和the book推断the periodical应该也是和newspaper处于并列关系。in the compary of sth.=together with 表示“与……一起”的意思。全句意思为：继宣传小册子和书本之后，直到十九世纪，报纸同杂志期刊一起成为电子时代之前的主要媒体。
25[答案]B
[注释]本题考查动词短语知识。speed up 不及物动词短语，是“加速”的意思，只有此选项符合题意，全句是说，通讯革命也是在19世纪加速发展，从铁路运输开始，经过电报、电话、无线电和动画片，直到20世纪的摩托车和飞机。gather是“聚集”的意思;work up一般作及物动词短语，如：work up a business拓展一家商店，work up the feelings of an audience，煽动听众情绪;pick up是“拾起，捡起”的意思。
26[答案]A
[注释]本题考查副词的使用知识。on表示“进展，向前，继续活动”，是一个持续的状态，与句意“从铁路运输开始，一直经过一系列的发明(电报、电话……)”相符。短语lead off是“开始”的意思，与句意不符。
27[答案]D
[注释]本题考查介词的使用知识。该句从“the communications revolution”开始的主要骨干为：the revolution speeded up， beginning with …， and leading on through…， …， …， into the world of …
28[答案]D
[注释]本题考查介词短语知识。短语in perspective=in the right perspective，意指“以正确的观点;正确地”，这句话意思是：“并不是每个人都能正确地看待这一进程”。in cocept “在概念上”，in effect则指“规则、法律仍在实施中，仍然有效”，或指“in fact actually”，都与句意不符。
29[答案]C
[注释]本题考查考生语篇层次上的语义逻辑的把握能力。从上下文句意推断，上文强调并“并不是每个人都能正确地看待这一进程”，这里却说“20世纪初电子计算机的出现极大地改变了这一进程，这一观点是大家公认的。”很显然这里是一种转折关系，只有however符合题意，indeed表示强调，hence和therefore则是顺承的关系(因此，所以)。
30[答案]B
[注释]本题考查词汇知识。从上下文时间关系上推断，20世纪60年代集成电路的发明②应该是在20世纪初电子计算机的使用①之后，因此用“followed by”，而brought by则指②带来①，stimulated by 指②刺激了①的产生，明显颠倒了两者之间的前后关系，chacterized by则是说②是①的特征，也与事实不符。
31[答案]D
[注释]本题考查考生对句内语义逻辑的识别能力。由上下文句意推断，前半句“20世纪初电子计算机的出现以及20世纪60年代集成电路的发明极大地改变了这一进程，这一点为大家所公认”，是对计算机的肯定，而后半句“它对媒体的影响并不是立竿见影”，两句之间应是转折的关系，选although unless “除非”，since “由于”，lest “以免”，都不符合逻辑关系。
32[答案]A
[注释]本题考查一般的词汇知识。结合上题分析，应选[A]，即“尽管计算机对媒体的影响并没有立即为人们所认识，人们却公认……”，选desirable， negative都与上下文逻辑联系相悖，plausible是“可行的”，与impact “影响”不能搭配。
33[答案]A
[注释]本题考查考生对词汇意义的准确把握程度。institutional与personal形成相对的关系，意指计算机不仅为个人广泛使用，也被机关单位广泛采用。从as well as “推断”，所填单词应与personal “个人化的”，形成一种对应，比照的关系，而universal “普遍性的”;fundamental “基础性的”;instrumental “工具性的”，都不能满足这种关系。
34[答案]C
[注释]本题考查近义词之间的辩析。ability一般指有生命的人，动物的能力，capability 指人具体做某事的能力，含“能否胜任某项工作”的意思，而faculty则指人的才能，能力，如the faculty for learning languages “学习语言的才能”，而capacity 可指非生命体的能力，容量，则有“容量”的意思，storage capacity 指“存储容量，内存大小”。
35[答案]B
[注释]本题考查介词短语知识。这句话意思是说，人们认为，不同时代的电脑就像人一样，也分为一代、二代……，只是两代电脑电脑之间的相隔时间相对要短得多。in terms of “措词，说法”，by means of 则是指“通过……的手段”，with regard to是“鉴于，考虑到”的意思，in line with 则是“与……一致”的意思=in agreement with.
Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
41[答案]C
[注释]这是一道作者观点题。题意是：要使你的幽默奏效的话，你应该：[A]take advantage of sb. 是“欺骗，捉弄”的意思，[B]make fun of… 是“嘲笑，取笑”，[C]对不同的人谈论不同的问题，强调要有针对性，[D]同情你的听众。
本题考查考生对文章第一段的理解，[A]、[B]两项仅凭常识也可以排除，再去第一段映证，文中亦无此含义，而从“Depending on whom you are addressing， the problems will be different”。以及下面一句举的两个例子，这里强调的是幽默的针对性，选[C]。[D]项为干扰选项，虽然文中出现“in sympathy with their point of view”，但并不是“同情”之意，而是“同意，赞成”之意。
本题题干其实就是第一段大意，只不过换了一种说法而已，考生要培养迅速将问题与文章内容建立对应转换关系的能力，尤其要注意正确理解段落主干句的含义，如第一段第一句“identify shared experiences and problems”以及“relevant”就是很好的解题线索。
42[答案]B
[注释]这是一道暗示题。题意为：有关医生的玩笑暗指在护士的眼中，医生是：[A]对新来的人不礼貌，B意识到自己的职责像上帝的职责一样，有强烈的使命感。[C]享有某些特权。[D]即使在午饭时间也很忙。
本题考查考生对第二段的笑话能否充分理解，从表面上看，[A]、[C]、[D]都是正确的，第二段第四句“Everyone is…polite…until， waiting…for lunch， the new arrival is…pushed aside by…”描述的就是上帝在午餐时间不排队，冲向队伍前面抢先领取午餐的情景，“不礼貌”，“有特权”，“繁忙”都似乎是说得通的，但这个笑话的实质并不停留在这一层面，而是借此形容医生总是有强烈的使命感和责任感，因为医生总是冲到排除等候的病人前面去为他们看病的。即使考生一时拿不准这个笑话的含义，从[A]、[C]、[D]三个选项都属于同一层次的描述也可以判断，既然不能同时选[A]、[C]、[D]，答案只能是[B]。
43[答案]D
[注释]这是一道推论题。题意是说，从文中可以推断，公共事业：[A]造福许多人，[B]是公众关注的焦点，[C]不适合作笑料，[D]常被人拿来作为笑料。首先用排除法，[A]、[B]与本文重点“humor”无关，而从第二段最后一句话“you will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats(替罪羊)，like the Post Office or the telephone system.”可以看出，使邮局或电信系统这样的公共事业开玩笑是无伤大雅的，因此选[D]。
本题属细节题，需要考生在文中仔细寻找与“public services”相对应的细节，考生如果不能找到post office与public service之间的逻辑从属关系，这题就很难下手。
44[答案]D
[注释]这是一道作者观点题。题意是：如果幽默故事要达到期望的效果，应该以什么样的方式讲述。
[A]以得体的措辞，[B]尽量不高明地，尴尬地，[C]夸张，[D]尽量随意
本题与第三段有关。第三段说，如果你感觉自己的风趣幽默很不自然，你还得常练习，以使幽默变得更自然一些，不造作。加进一些“casual、offthecuff(未经准备的，即席的)”的评论，并以一种“relaxed， unforced”的方式讲述，由这几个关键词可以看出，[D]为正确选项。
发表于 2016-7-27 01:17:46