历年考研真题——1995年英语试题及参考答案

考研网

　　PartⅠ
        　　Section A:
        　　1. Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed _____.
        　　A. had produced 　　　　　B. have been produced
        　　C. would have produced 　　D. had been produced
        　　2. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than ___ in the public mind today.
        　　A. exists 　　B. exist 　　C. existing　　 D. existed
        　　3. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his argument in favor of the new theory.
        　　A. which to base on 　　B. on which to base
        　　C. to base on which 　　D. which to be based on
        　　4. ________ can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.
        　　A. Everybody　　 B. Anybody 　　C. Somebody 　　D. Nobody
        　　5. How many of us ___, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?
        　　A. attended 　　B. Attending 　　C. to attend 　　D. have attended
        　　6. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe ____ it provides he building blocs from which the other elements are produced.
        　　A. so that 　　B. but that　　 C. in that 　　D. provided that
        　　7. We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style ____ in a personal one.
        　　A. rather than 　　B. Other than　　 C. better than 　　D. less than
        　　8. ______ is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production.
        　　A. What 　　B. That　　 C. It 　　D. As
        　　9. It is believed that today's pop music can serve as a creative force ____ stimulating the thinking of its listeners.
        　　A. by 　　B. with 　　C. at 　　D. on
        　　10. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, _____ the atmosphere.
        　　A. as it is 　　B. the same as　　 C. so is 　　D. and so is

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        　　Section B(改错):
        　　11. The conveniences that Americans desire reflectingA not so much a leisurelyB lifestyle as a busy lifestyle in which even minutes of time areC too valuable to be wastedD.
        　　12. In debating one must conect the opponent'sA facts, deny the relevance of his proof, or deny that B whatC he presents as proof, unlessD relevant , is sufficient.
        　　13 . We are not consciousA of the extent of whichB provides the psychological satisfaction that Ccan make the differenceD between a full and an empty life.
        　　14. The Portuguese giveA a great deal of credit to one manB for having promotedC sea travel, that man was Prince Henry the navigator, who lived in the 15th century.D
        　　15 . Accounts of A scientific experiments are generally correct forB those write about Cscience are careful in checkingD the accuracy of their reports.
        　　16. whenever we hear of A a natural disaster, even B in a distant part of the world, we feel sympathy C for the people to have affected D.
        　　17 . It is perhaps not an exaggeration to sayA that we shall soon be trusting Bour health, wealth and happiness to elements with whomC very names the general public areD unfamiliar.
        　　18. The speaker claimed that no otherA modern nation devotes so smallB a portion of its wealth to public assistance and health thanC the United States doesD.
        　　19 . There are those who consider it questionable that these defence-linkedA research projects will account forB an improvement in the standard of living or, alternately, to do much Cto protect our diminishing Dresources.
        　　20. If individuals are awakendA each time asB they begin a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even thoughC their total amount of sleep has beenD sufficient.

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        　　Section C:
        　　21. In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly ___ if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.
        　　A. admired 　　B. regarded　　 C. expected 　　D. worshipped
        　　22. A _____ of the long report by the budget committed was submitted to the mayor for approval.
        　　A. shorthand 　　B. scheme 　　C. schedule 　　D. sketch
        　　23. A man has to make ____ for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.
        　　A. supply 　　B. assurance 　　C. provision 　　D. adjustment
        　　24. The newly-built Science Building seems _____ enough to last a hundred years.
        　　A. spacious 　　B. sophisticated 　　C. substantial　　 D. steady
        　　25. It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are ___ free medical care.
        　　A. entitled to 　　B. involved in 　　C. associated with 　　D. assigned to
        　　26. The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at ____.
        　　A. danger　　 B. stake　　 C. loss 　　D. threat
        　　27. I felt ____ to death because I could make nothing of the chairman's speech.
        　　A. fatigued 　　B. tired 　　C. exhausted 　　D. bored
        　　28. When the engine would nto start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at ___.
        　　A. wrong 　　B. trouble 　　C. fault 　　D. difficulty
        　　29. Your advice would be ____ valuable to him, who is at present at his wit's end.
        　　A. exceedingly 　　B. excessively　　C. extensively　　D. exclusively
        　　30. He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to _____ the consequences.
        　　A. answer for 　　B. run into 　　C. abide by 　　D. step into

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        　　31. The river is already _____ its bans because of excessive rainfall; and the city is threatened with a likely flood.
        　　A. parallel to 　　B. level in　　 C. flat on 　　D. flush with
        　　32. People _____ that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today.
        　　A. convinced 　　B. anticipated　　 C. resolved 　　D. assured
        　　33. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written or _____ for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic programmed for the reading skills.
        　　A. adapted 　　B. acknowledged　　 C. assembled 　　D. appointed
        　　34. The mother said she would ____ her son washing the dished If he could finish his assignment before supper.
        　　A. let down 　　B. let alone 　　C. let off 　　D. let out
        　　35. We should always keep in mind that _____ decisions often lead to bitter regrets.
        　　A. urgent 　　B. hasty 　　C. instant 　　D. prompt
        　　36. John complained to the bookseller that there were several pages ____ in the dictionary.
        　　A. missing 　　B. losing 　　C dropping 　　D. leaking
        　　37. In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women ____ this field is climbing.
        　　A. engaging 　　B. devoting 　　C. registering 　　D. pursuing
        　　38. The supervisor didn't have time so far to go into it _____, but he gave us an idea about his plan.
        　　A. at hand 　　B. in turn　　 C. in conclusion　　 D. at length
        　　39. Their demand for a pay raise has not the slightest ____ of being met.
        　　A. prospect 　　B. prediction 　　C. prosperity 　　D. permission
        　　40. It's usually the case that people seldom behave in a _____ way when in a furious state.
        　　A. stable　　 B. rational 　　C. legal　　 D. credible

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        　　Part Two:
        　　Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all well-understood , but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 .The new experiments, such as these 44 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non-REM sleep . For example, it has long been known thattotal sleep 46 is 1OO percent fatal to rats, yet ,47 exanlination of the dead bodies , the animals look completely normal . A researcher has now 48 the mystery of why the aninlals die. The rats 49 bacterial infections of the blood ,50 their immune systems——the self-protecting mechanism against disease——had crashed.
        　　41 . (A)Either　　 (B)Ndther　　 (C)Eachtn)Any
        　　42 . (A) intended 　　( B)required 　　( C) assumed　　 ( D) inferred
        　　43 . (A) subtle　　 (B)obvious 　　(C)mysterious 　　　　(D)doubtful
        　　44 . (A) maintained　　 ( B) described　　 (C)settled　　 (D)afforded
        　　45. (A)in the light　　 (B)by virtue 　　(C)with the exception　　 (D)for the purpose
        　　46 . (A) reduction 　　( B) destruction 　　(C) deprivation　　 (D) restriction
        　　47. (A)upon 　　(B)by 　　(C)through 　　(D)with
        　　48. (A)paid attention to 　　(B)caught sight of　　 (C)laid emphasis on　　 (D)cast light on
        　　49 . (A) develop 　　(B)produce 　　(c)stimulate 　　(D)induce
        　　50. (A)if 　　(B)as if　　 (C)only if 　　(D)if only

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        　　PartⅢ　Reading Comprehensinn
        　　Passage l
        　　Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribotion of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television licence would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more. And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament gov- ern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it , and that it represents good value.
        　　Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of. There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.
        　　If its message were confined merely to information-and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive——advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.

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        　　51 . By the first sentence of the passage the author means that__.
        　　(A) he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising
        　　(B) everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming
        　　(C) advertising costs money like everything else
        　　(D) it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising
        　　52. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?
        　　(A) Securing greater fame.
        　　(B) Providing more jobs.
        　　(C) Enhancing living standards.
        　　(D) Reducing newspaper cost.
        　　53 . The author deems that the well-known TV personality is_.
        　　(A) very precise in passing his judgement on advertising
        　　(B) interested in nothing but the buyers' attention
        　　(C) correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information
        　　(D) obviously partial in his views on advertising
        　　54. In the author's opinton,__.
        　　(A) advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing
        　　(B) advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over
        　　(C) there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer
        　　(D) the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advenisement

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        　　Passage 2
        　　There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
        　　By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way.The process is not the road itsetf, but rather the attitudes and feellings people have, their caution or courge, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process ,the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept .
        　　In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may "fail"at first. How we see our-selves as we try a new way of being is essential to our abitity to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we're shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we thiQk we're slow to adapt to change or that we' re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.
        　　These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making .

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        　　55 . A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth then__.
        　　(A) he has given up his smoking habit
        　　(B) he has made great efforts in his work
        　　(C) he is keen on leaming anything new
        　　(D) he has tried to determine where he is on his journey
        　　56. In the author' s eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would__.
        　　(A) succeed in climbing up the social ladder
        　　(B) judge his ability to glow from his own achievements
        　　(C) face difficulties and take up challenges
        　　(D) aim high and reach his goal each time
        　　57. When the author says "a new way of being" (line 3, para. 3) he is referring to__.
        　　(A) a new approach to experiencing the world
        　　(B) a new way of taking risks
        　　(C) a new method of perceiving ourselves
        　　(D) a new system of adaptation to change
        　　58. For personal growth ,the author advocates all of the following except_.
        　　(A) curiosity about more chances
        　　(B) promptness in self-adaptation
        　　( C) open-mindedness to new experiences
        　　(D) avoidance of intemal fears and doubts
        　　Passage 3
        　　In such a changing , complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of life' s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are qaestions facing many people today.

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        　　In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World WarⅡ. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned .
        　　Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated , time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming .
        　　Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information . Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing , and problems in dispute can be settled without the parttcipants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.
        　　In this world of change and complexity , the need for infomtatian is of greatest importance.
        　　Those people who have accurate , reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems,the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. "Knowledge is power" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.
        　　59. The word "it" (line 3, para. 2) most probably refers to__.
        　　(A) the lack of stable communities
        　　(B) the breakdown of informal information channels
        　　(C) the increased mobility of families
        　　(D) the growing number of people moving from place to place
        　　60. The main problem people may encounter today arises form the fact that__.
        　　(A) they have to learn new things consciously
        　　(B) they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy information
        　　(C) they have difficulty obtaining the needed informatton readily
        　　(D) they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family.