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1994年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案
partⅠ:
SectionA
1.BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,we___inEuropefortwoweeks.
A.shallstayB.havestayedC.willhavestayedD.havebeenstaying
2.Iappreciated____theopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.
A.havingbeengivenB.havinggiven
C.tohavebeengivenD.tohavegiven
3.LivinginthecentralAustraliandeserthasitsproblems,____obtainingwaterisnottheleast.
A.ofwhichB.forwhatC.asD.whose
4.Theheartis___intelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.
A.notsoB.notmuchC.muchmoreD.nomore
5.____thefactthathisinitialexperimentshadfailed,Prof.Whitepersistedinhisresearch.
A.BecauseofB.AstoC.InspiteofD.Inviewof
6.JeanWagner'smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatit____inreligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.
A.istobeanalyzedB.hasbeenanalyzed
C.beanalyzedD.shouldhavebeenanalyzed
7.Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,____allpracticalvaluebythetimetheyfinished.
A.couldloseB.wouldhavelostC.mightloseD.oughttohavelost
8.Nobreadeatenbymanissosweetas_____earnedbyhisownlabour.
A.oneB.thatC.suchD.what
9.Itisn'tcoldenoughforthere___afrosttonight,soIcanleaveJim'scaroutquitesafely.
A.wouldbeB.beingC.wasD.tobe
10.ScientistsgenerallyagreethattheEarth'sclimatewillwarmupoverthenext50to100years____ithaswarmedinthe20,000yearssincetheIceAge.
A.aslongasB.asmuchasC.assoonasD.aswellas
SectionB改错:
ll.SimilarelementsintheprehistoricremainsfrombothareassuggestthatIndiansandtheir
AB
neighbourshadmaintaineddistantbutrealconnectionseverbefore1500B.C.
CD
12.Itsoonbecameobviouslythatinsteadofbeingtrainedtosingshewouldbetrainedastheas-
ABCD
tronomer'sassistant.
13.Healsoconceivedthatthesolarsystemandtheuniversewouldcomeintoexistencebyanat-
ABC
uralprocessandwoulddisappearoneday.
D
14.Themoonhasamassthatisnearlyonehundredtimeslessthantheearth;inconsequence,
ABC
theforceofgravityatthemoon'ssurfaceisonlyone-sixthofthatattheearth'ssurface.
D
15."TheBunsenburnerissonamedbecauseitisthoughttobeinventedbyRobertBunsen,who
ABC
wasGenmanbybirth.
D
16.MuchalthoughIhavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequalherinthoroughness,
AB
whateverthejob.
CD
17.Theweedsandtallgrassinthatyardmakesthehouselookasifithadbeenvacantforquite
ABCD
sometime.
18.Ifonlythenatureoftheagingprocessisbetterunderstood,thepossibilityofdiscoveringa
ABC
medicinethatcanblockthefundamentalprocessofagingseemsveryremote.
D
19.WhenIconsiderhowtalentedheisasapainter,Icannotheipbutbelievingthatthepublic
ABCD
willappreciatehisgift.
20.Allenhasstatedthathehasalwayshadagreatinterestandadmirationfortheworkofthe
ABCD
BritisheconomistKeynes.
SectionC:
21.Pleasedonotbe___byhisbadmannerssinceheismerelytryingtoattractattention.
A.disregardedB.distortedC.irritatedD.intervened
22.Craigassuredhisbossthathewould___allhisenergiesindoingthisnewjob.
A.callforthB.callatC.callonD.calloff
23.Toomuch___toX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.
A.disclosureB.exhibitionC.contactD.exposure
24.Whenconfrontedwithsuchquestions,mymindgoes____,andIcanhardlyremembermyowndateofbirth.
A.dimB.blankC.faintD.vain
25.Itiswellknownthatknowledgeisthe____conditionforexpansionofmind.
A.incompatibleB.incrediblec.indefiniteD.indispensable
26.MorethantwohundredyearsagotheUnitedStates____fromtheBritishEmpireandbecomeanindependentcountry.
A.gotoffB.pulleddownC.brokeawayD.attachedto
27.Careshouldbetakentodecreasethelengthoftimethatoneis____loudcontinuousnoise.
A.subjectedtoB.filledwithC.associatedwithD.droppedoff
28.Someofthemostimportantconceptsinphysics____theirsuccesstothesemathematicalsystems.
A.obligeB.oweC.contributeD.attribute
29.Asyourinstructoradvised,yououghttospendyourtimeonsomething____researchinginto.
A.preciousB.worthC.worthyD.valuable
30.Asadefenseagainstair-pollutiondamage,manyplantsandanimals____asubstancetoabsorbharmfulchemicals.
A.relieveB.releaseC.dismissD.discard
31.Withoutthefrictionbetweentheirfeetandtheground,peoplewould___beabletowalk.
A.innotimeB.byallmeansC.innowayD.onanyaccount
32.Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping____togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.
A.occasionallyB.simultaneouslyC.eventuallyD.promptly
33.OnereasonforthesuccessesofAsianimmigrantsintheU.S.isthatthey
havetakengreat______toeducatetheirchildren.
A.effortsB.painsC.attemptsD.endeavours
34.Ifanymanheredoesnotagreewithme,heshould____hisownplanfor
improvingthelivingconditionsofthesepeople.
A.putonB.putoutc.putind.putforward
35.Isupportyourdecision,butIshouldalsomakeitclearthatIamnotgoingtobe____toit.
A.connectedB.fastenedC.boundD.stuck
36.TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(n)_____ofwordswhicharecomparativeseldomusedinordinaryconversation.
A.altitudeB.latitudeC.multitudeD.attitude
37.Inmyopinion,youcanwidenthe____oftheseimprovementsthroughyouractiveparticipation.
A.dimensionB.volumeC.magnitudeD.scope
38.Yourimproperwordswillgive_____todoubtsconcerningyourtrueintentions.
A.riseB.reasonC.suspicionD.impulse
39.Thenewsitemaboutthefireisfollowedbyadetailedreportmade_____.
A.onthespotB.onthesiteC.onthelocationD.ontheground
40.Theremarkable______oflifeontheGalopagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwintoestablishhistheoryofevolution.
A.classificationB.varietyC.densityD.diversion
PartⅡClozeTest
Thefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageistheword.In
speaking,thechoiceofwordsis41theutmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminate
onesourceof42breakdowninthecommunicationcycle.Toooften,carelessuseofwords
43ameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermay44
unfavorablereactionsinthelistener45interferewithhiscomprehension;hence,the
transmission-receptionsystembreaksdown.
46,inaccurateorindefinitewordsmaymake47difficultforthelistenertounder-
standthe48whichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecific
wordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybe49toexplainordescribeina50thatcanbeun-
derstoodbyhislisteners.
41.A.ofB.atC.forD.on
42.A.inaccessibleB.timelyC.likelyD.invalid
43.A.encouragesB.preventsC.destroysD.offers
44.A.passoutB.takeawayC.backupD.stirup
45.A.whoB.asC.whichD.what
46.A.MoreoverB.HoweverC.PreliminarilyD.Unexpectedly
47.A.thatB.ItC.soD.this
48.A.speechB.senseC.messageD.meaning
49.A.obscureB.difficultC.impossibleD.unable
50.A.caseB.meansC.methodD.way
PartⅢReadingComprehension
PassageI
TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-
orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheir
moneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen,
strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;
andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoods
andservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneoonomicsystemitisthedemandofindividual
consumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividu-
alstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresources
areusedtoproduceit.
Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerde-
mandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismecha-
nismisprovidedbvapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelative
demandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupply
relativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthe
market.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,this
willtendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichintumwilllowerthepriceand
permitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmer-
icaneconomicsystem.
Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoown
productiveresources(privatepropeny),andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolover
naturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,
theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalso
certainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontract
withanotherprivateindividual.
51.InLine11,Para1,"thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes"means__.
A.Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes
B.Americanstendtooventatetheirincomes
C.Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased
D.Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes
52.Thefirsttwo&ntencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat__.
A.producerscansatisfytheoonsumersbymechanizedproduction
B.consumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducers
C.producersdecidethepricesofproducts
D.supplyanddemandregulateprices
53.Accordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby__.
A.privatepropertyandrightsconcerned
B.manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrol
C.ownershipofproductiveresources
D.freecontractsandprices
54.Thepassageismainlyabout__.
A.howAmericangoodsareproduced
B.howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoods
C.howAmericaneconomicsystemworks
D.howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofits
Passage2
OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.They
givetheirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecoun-
try,andevenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreof
thesecreditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyin
scatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthe"cashless
society"isnotonthehorizon-it'salreadyhere.
Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemanyadvantagesforsell-
erstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepa
widerangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallows
businessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhow
fasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthe
sametimethesecomputersreoordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemosteffi-
cient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentify
preferredcustomersforpromotionalcanlpaigns.Computersarereliedonbvmanufacturersfor
similarreasons.Computer-analyzednlarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhichproductstoem-
phasizenow,whichtodevelopforthefuture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeeptrackofgoods
instock,ofrawmaterialsonhand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.
Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasand
electricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficialtservicestoconsumersthrough
theuseofcomputers.
55.Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsownerto__.
A.withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankashewishes
B.obtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopledo
C.enjoygreatertrustfromthestorekeeper
D.cashmoneywhereverhewishesto
56.Fromtheastsentenceofthefirstparagraphwelearnthat__.
A.inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcards
B.creditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatestoday
C.nowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayincash
D.itisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanbefore
57.Thephrase"ringupsales"(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans"__".
A.makeanorderofgoods
B.recordsalesonacashregister
C.callthesalesmanager
D.keeptrackofthegoodsinstock
58.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?
A.Approachestothecommercialuseofcomputers.
B.Conveniencesbroughtaboutbycomputersinbusiness.
C.Significanceofautomationincommercialenterprises.
D.Advantagesofcreditcardsinbusiness.
Passage3
Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.For
thesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedif-
ferences.
Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheir
environnlentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareof
theimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyand
thesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.
Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety'sunderstanding--the
knowledge,hopes,andfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.
Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatminorwecanseethestrengths,
theweaknesses,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreat
interestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthe
strongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheoppor-
tunitytofullydeveloptheircapabllities.
"Allmenarecreatedequal."We'vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeaning
foreducationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry'sfoundersto
denoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.That
conceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren-therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpin
learningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourt
decisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren-disabledornot-toanappropriateeducation,
andhaveorderedthatpubLicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inre-
sponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprograms,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexception-
al,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.
59.InParagraph2,theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleadingactoronthestagetoshowthat
A.thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamiLyandthesociety
B.exceptionalchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthannomlalchildrenare
C.exceptionalchildrenarethekeyinterestofthefamilyandsociety
D.theneedsofthesocietyweighmuchheavierthantheneedsoftheexceptionalchildren
60.Thereasonthattheexceptionalchildrenreceivesomuchconcernineducationisthat__.
A.theyareexpectedtobeleadersofthesociety
B.theymightbecomeaburdenofthesociety
C.theyshouldfullydeveloptheirpotentials
D.disabledchildrendeservespecialconsideration
61.Thispassagemainlydealswith__.
A.thedifferencesofchildrenintheirlearningcapabilities
B.thedefinitionofexceptionalchildreninmodernsociety
C.thespecialeducationalprogramsforexceptionalchildren
D.thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildren
62.Fromthispassagewelearnthattheeducationalconcernforexceptionalchildren___.
A.isnowenjoyinglegalsupport
B.disagreeswiththetraditionofthecountry
C.wasclearlystatedbythecountry'sfounders
D.willexertgreatinfluenceovercourtdecisions
Passage4
"Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewe'llknowinvastdetailhowcancer
cellsarise,"saysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberg,anexpertoncancer."But,"hecautions,
"somepeoplehavetheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecauses,thecurewillrapidlyfollow.
ConsiderPasteur.Hediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfections,butitwasfiftyorsixty
yearsbeforecureswereavailable."
Thisyear,50percentofthe910,000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveatleastfive
years.Intheyear2000,theNationalCancerInstituteestimates,thatfigurewillbe75percent.
Forsomeskincancers,thefive-yearsurvivalrateisashighas90percent.ButothersurvivaL
statisticsarestilldiscouraging-----13percentforlungcancer,and2percentforcancerofthepan-
creas(胰腺).
Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistence,discoveringhowcancerworksisnoteasy.The
researchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970s,whentheydisooveredthatoncogenes,which
arecancer-causinggenes(基因),areinactiveinnormalcells.Anythingfromcosmicraystoradi-
ationtodietmayactivateadormantoncogene,buthowremainsunknown.Ifseveraloncogenes
aredrivenintoaction,thecell,unabletoturnthemoff,becomescancerous.
Theexactmechanismsinvolvedarestillmysterious,butthelikelihoodthatmanycancersare
initiatedatthelevelofgenessuggeststhatwewillneverpreventallcancers."Changesareanor-
malpartoftheevoLutionaryprocess,"saysoncologistWilliamHaywar.Environmentalfactorscan
neverbetotallyeliminated;asHaywardpointsout,"Wecan'tprepareamedicineagainstcosmic
rays."
Theprospectsforcure,thoughstilldistant,arebrighter.
"First,weneedtounderstandhowthenormalcellcontrolsitself.Second,wehavetodeter-
minewhethertherearealimitednumberofgenesincellswhicharealwaysresponsibleforatleasl
partofthetrouble.Ifwecanunderstandhowcancerworks,wecancounteractitsaction."
63.TheexampleofPasteurinthepassageisusedto__.
A.predictthatthesecretofcancerwillbedisclosedinadecade
B.indicatethattheprospectsforcuringcancerarebright
C.provethatcancerwillbecuredinfiftytosixtyyears
D.warnthatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforecancercanbeconquered
64.Theauthorimpliesthatbvtheyear2000,__.
A.therewillbeadrasticriseinthefive-yearsurvivalrateofskin-cancerpatients
B.90percentoftheskin-cancerpatientstodaywillstillbeliving
C.thesurvivalstatisticswillbefairlyevenamongpatientswithvariouscancers
D.therewon'tbeadrasticincreaseofsurvivalrateofallcancerpatients
65.Oncogenesarecancer-causinggenes__.
A.thatarealwaysinoperationinahealthyperson
B.whichremainunharmfulsolongastheyarenotactivated
C.thatcanbedrivenoutofnormalcells
D.whichnormalcellscan'tturnoff
66.Theword"dormant"inthethirdparagraphmostprobablymeans__.
A.deadB.ever-presentC.inactiveD.potential
Passage5
Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby"untaughtminds"tocomeinblinding
flashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,aslegendwould
haveit,lookatthemold(霉)onapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillinthereandthen.
Heexperimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.Inven-
tionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialandenor.Innovationislikesoc-
cer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequentlythan
theyscore.
Thepointisthattheplayerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakemostshotsatthe
andsoitgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifferencebetweeninnovation
andothersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovatorsworkconsciouslyontheirs,
andtheyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableorotherwise.Whatordinarypeoplesee
asfancifulabstractions,professionalinnovatorsseeassolidpossibilities.
"Creativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere'snoparticularvirtueindoing
thingsthewaytheyhavealwaysbeendone,"wroteRudolphFlexh,alanguageauthority,this
accountsforourreactiontoseeminglysimpleinnovationslikeplasticgarbagebagsandsuitcaseson
wheelsthatmakelifemoreconvenient:"Howcomenobodythoughtofthatbefore?"
Thecreativeapproachbeginswiththepropositionthatnothingisasitappears.Innovators
willnotacceptthatthereisonlyonewaytodoanything.FacedwithgettingfromAtoB,theav-
eragepersonwillautomaticallysetoutonthebest-knownandapparentLysimplestroute.Thein-
novatorwillsearchforalternatecourses,whichmayproveeasierinthelongrunandareboundto
bemoreinterestingandchallengingeveniftheyleadtodeadends.
Highlycreativeindividualsreallydomarchtoadifferentdrummer.
67.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby"untaughtmind"inthefirstparagraph?
A.Apersonignorantofthehardworkinvolvedinexperimentation.
B.Acitizenofasocietythatrestrictspersonalcreativity.
C.Apersonwhohashadnoeducation.
D.Anindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasbyaccident.
68.Accordingtotheauthor,whatdistinguishesinnovatorsfromnon-innovators?
A.Thevarietyofideastheyhave.
B.Theintelligencetheypossess.
C.Thewaytheydealwithproblems.
D.Thewaytheypresenttheirfindings.
69.TheauthorquotesRudolphFleschinParagraph3because__.
A.RudolphFleschisthebest-knownexpertinthestudyofhumancreativity
B.thequotationstrengthenstheassertionthatcreativeindividualslookfornewwaysofdoing
things.
C.thereaderisfamiliarwithRudolphFlesch'spointofview
D.thequotationaddsanewideatotheinformatlonpreviouslypresented
70.Thephrase"marchtoadifferentdrummer"(thelastlineofthepassage)suggeststhathighly
creativeindividualsare__.
A.diligentinpursuingtheirgoals
B.reluctanttofollowcommonwaysofdoingthings
C.devotedtotheprogressofscience
D.concemedabouttheadvanceofsociety
PartⅣEnglish-ChineseTranslation
Accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,technologyisanoverlookedforceinexpandingthe
horizonsofscientificknowledge.(71)Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughthe
insightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesand
tools.(72)"Inshort",aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,"thescientificrevolution,aswecall
it,waslargelytheimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpanded
thereachofscienceininnumerabledirections."
(73)Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovation
havelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.Themodernschoolthathails
technologyalguesthatsuchmastersasGalileo,Newton,Maxwell,Einstein,andinventorssuch
asEdisonattachedgreatimportanceto,andderivedgreatbenefitfrom,craftinformationand
technologicaldevicesofdifferentkindsthatwereusableinscientificexperiments.
Thecenterhieceoftheargumentofatechnology-yes,genius-noadvocatewasananalysisof
Gialileo'sroleatthestartofthescientificrevolution.Thewisdomofthedaywasderivedfrom
Ptolemy,anastronomerofthesecondcentury,whoseelaboratesystemoftheskyputEarthat
thecenterofallheavenlymotions.(74)Galileo'sgreatestglorywasthatin1609hewasthefirst
persontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetsrevolve
aroundthesunratherthanaroundtheEarth.Buttherealheroofthestory,accordingtothenew
schoolofscientists,wasthelongevolutionintheimprovementofmachineryformakingeyeglass-
es.
Federalpolicyisnecessarilyinvolvedinthetechnologyvs.geniusdispute.(75)Whetherthe
Govemmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorvicever-
sa(反之)oftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.
PartVWriting(15points)
DIRECTIONS:
A.Title:ONMAKINGFRIENDS
B.TIMELIMIT:40minutes
C.Wordlimit:120-150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)
D.YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththe
givenopeningsentence:"Asahumanbeing,onecanhardlydowithoutafriend."
E.YourcompositionmustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.
OUTLINE:
l.Theneedforfriends
2.Truefriendship
3.Myprincipleinmakingfriends
答案:
PartⅠ
SectionA(15points)
l.C2.A3.A4.D5.C
6.C7.B8.B9.D10.B
SectionB(15points)
11.D,even12.A,obvious
13.B,hadcome14.B,thatoftheearth
15.C,tohavebeeninvented16.A,Muchas或Muchthough
17.B,make18.A,Unless(=if...not)
19.C,删去but或将believing改为believe20.C,agreatinterestin
sectionC(10points)
21.C22.A23.D24.B25.D
26.C27.A28.B29.B30.B
31.C32.A33.B34.D35.C
36.C37.D38.A39.A40.B
PartⅡ
41.A42.C43.B44.D45.C
46.A47.B48.C49.D50.D
PartⅢ
51.D52.D53.A54.C55.B
56.C57.B58.B59.A60.C
61.D62.A63.D64.D65.B
66.C67.A68.C69.B70.B
PartⅣ
71.他们(新学派科学家们)说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于
改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。
72．新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列
器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。”
73．工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思
想家们忽视了。
74．伽里略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实
行星是围绕太阳旋转，而不是围绕地球。
75．政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这
往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。 |
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发表于 2016-7-27 01:17:12