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Part ⅠStructure and Vocabulary(每题0.5分，共20分)
Section A
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)
Example:
I have been to the Great Wall three times 1979.
［A］from［B］after［C］for［D］since
The sentence should read, I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore, you should choose ［D］.
Sample Answer
［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］
1、I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time [] the last bus.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查非谓语动词的用法区别。HARDLY HAVE TIME TO DO 需用不定式，不能用现在分词。［A］项表示动作在主句动作之前发生，因此，也不对。
［A］to have caught
［B］to catch
［C］catching
［D］having caught
2、As it turned out to be a small house party,we [] so formally.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查情态动词NEED的否定用法。NEEDNT 后面加完成时态，表示没有必要那样做，但又已做了某事。
［A］neednt dress up
［B］did not need have dressed up
［C］did not need dress up
［D］neednt have dressed up
3、I apologize if I [] you,but I assure you it was unintentional.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查虚拟语气的用法。IF 后面是虚拟语气，表示“如果我冒犯了你，我向你表示道歉”。
［A］offend
［B］had offended
［C］should have offended
［D］might have offended
4、Although a teenager,Fred could resist [] what to do and what not to do.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题测试动名词的用法。RESIST 后面需要用动名词。
［A］to be told
［B］having been told
［C］being told
［D］to have been told
5、Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage [] avoided.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查时态的表达问题。以IF 和 WHEN 开始的从句中，表示将来动作需用一般时态。BE TO DO 结构指将要发生的动作。
［A］is to be
［B］can be
［C］will be
［D］has been
6、Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores,and this is especially true [] it comes to classroom tests.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查连词的用法。WHEN IT COMES TO 是一个常用句型，表示“当谈到，涉及到”。
［A］before
［B］as
［C］since
［D］when
7、There are over 100 night schools in the city,making it possible for a professional to be reeducated no matter [] he does.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题仍是考查连词的用法。动词DOES后面没有宾语，所以在NO MATTER之后需用连接代词WHAT.
［A］how
［B］where
［C］what
［D］when
8、Ive kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school [] twenty years ago.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查介词的用法。在这里常用介词WITH，可将该句看成I WAS WITH A GIRL AT SCHOOL TWENTY YEARS AGO。
［A］about
［B］since
［C］till
［D］with
9、He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society,[] insufficiently popular with all members.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查非谓语动词的用法区别。现在分词短语BEING CONSIDERED作该句状语，表示原因。意思是“考虑到其他成员不喜欢他”。
［A］being considered
［B］considering
［C］to be considered
［D］have considered
10、[] for the timely investment from the general public,our company would not be so thriving as it is.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查虚拟语气条件句的省略式。该句是倒装形式的虚拟语气，从句的动作表示与过去的事实相反，所以需用HAD NOT BEEN的动词形式。
［A］Had it not been
［B］Were it not
［C］Be it not
［D］Should it not be
Section B
Directions:
Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5 points)
Example:
A number of［A］ foreign visitors were taken［B］ to the industrial exhibition, which［C］ they saw［D］ many new products. Answer ［C］ is wrong. The sentence should read, A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition, where they saw many new products.” So you should choose ［C］.
Sample Answer［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］
11、According to Darwin,random changes that enhance a (species')［A］ability (for surviving) ［B］ (are) ［C］naturally selected and passed on (to succeeding) ［D］ generations.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查不定式的用法知识。FOR SURVIVING改为TO SURVIVE。名词ABILITY后面通常用不定式作定语。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
12、Neither rain nor snow (keeps) ［A］ the postman from delivering our letters (which) ［B］ we (so much) ［C］ look forward to (receive).［D］
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查动名词的用法知识。TO RECEIVE改为TO RECEIVING。LOOK FORWARD TO后面要用动名词。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
13、If they (will not accept) ［A］ a check, we (shall have) ［B］ to pay (the cash,)［C］thought it (would be) ［D］ much trouble for both sides.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查冠词的用法。THE CASH改为CASH,去掉THE。CASH指“现金”，此处不用加冠词。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
14、(Having been) ［A］ robbed (off) ［B］economic importance,those states are (not) ［C］likely to count for (very much) ［D］ in international political terms.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查ROB SB. OF STH. 这一固定搭配。OFF改为OF。ROB…OF是固定搭配。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
15、The message (will be)［A］(that) ［B］ neither the market nor the government is capable of dealing with all of (their) ［C］ uncontrollable (practices.)［D］
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查代词所指代的对象之间的形式一致问题。THEIR改为ITS。指“市场”或“政府”之中的一个，用单数。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
16、The logic of scientific development is (such) ［A］ that (separates) ［B］ groups of men working (on) ［C］the same problem in (farscattered) ［D］ laboratories are likely to arrive at the same answer at the same time.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查考生长句的结构分析、句意理解能力。SEPARATES改为SEPARATE。这里的SEPARATE是形容词，表示“各级”。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
17、Yet not all of these races are (intellectual inferior to) ［A］ the European races,(and)［B］ some may even have (a)［C］freshness and vitality that can renew the (energies) ［D］ of more advanced races.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查词性的正确用法。INTELLECTUAL改为INTELLECTUALLY。修饰形容词需用副词。INFERIOR是形容词。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
18、(The) ［A］ more than 50,000 nuclear weapons in the hands of various nations today are (more than) ［B］ ample (destroying) ［C］ every city in the world several times (over).［D］
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查不定式的用法。DESTROYING改为TO DESTROY。AMPLE是形容词，表示“足够，足以”，后面用不定式。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
19、The universe works in a way so far (remove) ［A］ from what common sense (would) ［B］ allow (that) ［C］ words of any kind must necessarily be inadequate to explain (it) ［D］.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查过去分词的用法知识。REMOVE改为REMOVING。应该用现在分词，修饰WAY。意思是“与通常概念所允许的……完全不同的方式运行”。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
20、The integration of independent be states (could best be)［A］ brought about by (first) ［B］creating a central organization with (authorities) ［C］ over (technical) ［D］ economic tasks.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查名词的数。AUTHORITIES改为AUTHORITY。该词的复数表示“当局”，单数则指“权威，权力”。
Section C
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Example:
The lost car of the Lees was found in the woods off the highway.
［A］vanished ［B］scattered ［C］abandoned ［D］rejected
The sentence should read, The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” Therefore, you should choose ［C］.
Sample Answer［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］
21、The machine needs a complete [] since it has been in use for over ten years.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查词义的辨析。MENDING 是“修理”。［A］ AMENDING 是“修改，改善”；［B］ FITTING 是“安装”；［D］ RENOVATING 是“更新，修复”。
［A］ amending
［B］ fitting
［C］ mending
［D］ renovating
22、 There were many people present and he appeared only for a few seconds, so I only caught a [] of him.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查搭配使用知识。CATCH A GLIMPSE OF 是“一眼看见”。［A］ GLANCE 是“一瞥”，后面用 AT；［C］ LOOK 与前面的 CAUGHT 不是搭配关系。［D］ SIGHT 和动词的塔配用法是 CATCH SIGHT OF，之间没有 A。
［A］ glance
［B］ glimpse
［C］ look
［D］ sight
23、 I dont think its wise of you to [] your greater knowledge in front of the director, for it may offend him.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查动词短语知识。SHOW OFF 是“炫耀，卖弄”。［A］ SHOW UP 是“使露出”；［B］ SHOW OUT 是“送出”；［C］ SHOW IN 是“领入”。
［A］ show up
［B］ show out
［C］ show in
［D］ show off
24、The returns in the short [] may be small, but over a number of years the investment will be well repaid.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查固定搭配知识。IN THE SHORT TERM 是“短期内”。［A］ INTERVAL 是“间隔，间歇”；［B］ RANGE 是“范围，幅度”；［C］ SPAN 是“一段时间”，后面用 OF。
［A］ interval
［B］ range
［C］ span
［D］ term
25、 A thorough study of biology requires [] with the properties of trees and plants, and the habit of birds and beasts.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查词汇的搭配使用知识。FAMILIARITY 是“熟悉，通晓”。［A］ ACQUISITION “获得，得到”；［B］ DISCRIMINATION 是“区别，歧视”；［C］ CURIOSITY 是“好奇”。
［A］ acquisition
［B］ discrimination
［C］ curiosity
［D］ familiarity
26、She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would [] her long effort.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查考生对词形相近的词的词义辨析能力。JUSTIFY 是“证明是……值得的”。［B］ TESTIFY 是“作证”；［C］ RECTIFY 是“纠正，校正”；［D］ VERIFY 是“证实”。
［A］ justify
［B］ testify
［C］ rectify
［D］ verify
27、Im very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to [] my debt in return for certain services.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查动词短语使用知识。WRITE OFF 是“取消，勾销”。［A］ TAKE AWAY 是“拿走，夺走”；B) CUT OUT 是“切掉，割掉”。［D］ 是“清算”。
［A］ take away
［B］ cut out
［C］ write off
［D］ clear up
28、Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a great [].
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查词义辨析。SENSATION 是“轰动”。［A］ EXPLOSION 是“爆炸”；［C］ EXAGGERATION 是“夸大”；［D］ STIMULATION 是“刺激，鼓舞”。
［A］ explosion
［B］ sensation
［C］ exaggeration
［D］ stimulation
29、According to what you have just said, am I to understand that his new post [] no responsibility with it at all?
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查词汇搭配。CARRY RESPONSIBILITY 是“负责任”。 SHOULDER 和 POSSESS 需要的主语通常是人；SHARE 需两人以上。所以［A］ ［B］ 和 ［D］ 项都不对。
［A］ shoulders
［B］ possesses
［C］ carries
［D］ shares
30、Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his [] to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查词汇搭配知识。REACTION TO 是“对……反应”。COMMENT 需用介词 ON; IMPRESSION 应用于介词 OF; COMPREHENSION 是“理解”。
［A］ comment
［B］ reaction
［C］ impression
［D］ comprehension
31、Please [] yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查固定搭配。RESTRAIN FROM 是“克制，抑制”。［B］ HINDER 是“妨碍，阻碍”；［C］ RESTRICT 是“限制”；［D］ PROHIBIT 是“禁止”。
［A］ restrain
［B］ hinder
［C］ restrict
［D］ prohibit
32、Without telephone it would be impossible to carry on the functions of [] every business operation in the whole country.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查副词的用法辨析。PRACTICALLY 是“几乎”。［B］ PREFERABLY 是“更可取地”；［C］ PRECISELY 是“精确地”；［D］ PRESUMABLY 是“可能地”。
［A］ practically
［B］ preferably
［C］ precisely
［D］ presumably
33、Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around ＄ 110 billion, [] the ＄ 160 billion the President is struggling to get through the Congress.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查介词短语的用法。IN CONTRAST TO 是“与……成对比”。［A］ IN PROPORTION TO 是“与……成比例”；［B］ IN REPLY TO 是“回复，答复”；［C］ IN RELATION TO 是“有关”。
［A］ in proportion to
［B］ in reply to
［C］ in relation to
［D］ in contrast to
34、He is planning another tour abroad, yet his passport will [] at the end of this month.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查词义辨析。EXPIRE 是“满期，到期”。［B］ EXCEED 是“超越”；［C］ TERMINATE 是“(一种行为)终止”；［D］ CEASE 是“停止”。
［A］ expire
［B］ exceed
［C］ terminate
［D］ cease
35、All the offshore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read [] letters from their families.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查词义辨析。AFFECTIONATE 是“挚爱的”。［A］ SENTIMENTAL 是“情绪的”；［C］ INTIMATE “亲密的”；［D］ SENSITIVE 是“敏感的”。
［A］ sentimental
［B］ affectionate
［C］ intimate
［D］ sensitive
36、Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to [], or at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查词义辨析。REVERSE 是“使……倒转，使……反向”。［A］ REVOLT 是“反叛”；［B］ REVOLVE 是“旋转”；［D］ REVIVE 是“复兴”。
［A］ revolt
［B］ revolve
［C］ reverse
［D］ revive
37、I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite [].
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查词义辨析。ARBITRARY 是“任意的，武断的”。［B］ RATIONAL 是合理的；［C］ MECHANICAL 是“机械的”；［D］ UNPREDICTABLE 是“不可预测的”。
［A］ arbitrary
［B］ rational
［C］ mechanical
［D］ unpredictable
38、The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price of vegetables no longer [] according to the weather.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查词义辨析。FLUCTUATED 是“波动”。［A］ ALTERED 是“改动，变更”；［B］ CONVERTED 是“转变”；［D］ MODIFIED 是“修改”。
［A］ altered
［B］ converted
［C］ fluctuated
［D］ modified
39、The pursuit of leisure on the part of the employees will certainly not [] their prospect of promotion.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查词义辨析。FURTHER 是“促进，推进”。［A］ SPUR “刺激”；［C］ INDUCE 是“引诱，劝使”；［D］ REINFORCE 是“加强”。
［A］ spur
［B］ further
［C］ induce
［D］ reinforce
40、In what [] to a last minute stay of execution, a council announced that emergency funding would keep alive two aging satellites.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查考生对词义的深刻把握。AMOUNT TO 是“等于”。［A］ APPLY TO 是“使用”；［B］ ACCOUNT 是“说明，帐目”；［C］ ATTACH TO 是“附属于”。
［A］ applies
［B］ accounts
［C］ attaches
［D］ amounts
Part ⅡCloze Test(每题1分，共10分)Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They (41)[] that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the (42)[] man.But they insisted that its (43)[] results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the (44)[] of the English population.(45)[] contrast,they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750,when England was still a (46)[] agricultural country,a period of great abundance and prosperity.
This view,(47)[] is generally thought to be wrong.Specialists (48)[] history and economics,have (49)[] two things:that the period from 1650 to 1750 was (50)[] by great poverty,and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.
41、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查考生利用上下文句义关系选择做题的能力。第一句为主题句，定下了文章的基调：直到不久前，大多数历史学家对工业革命都持严厉批评的态度。由于第二句话THAT从句的内容与他们的观点正好矛盾，讲的是工业革命带给人们的好处，所以BELIEVE与CLAIM不能选。PREDICT也不对，因为已是既定事实。而ADMIT表示对客观事实的承认，尽管客观上并不一定愿意赞成，用在这里正好符合题意。
［A］admitted
［B］believed
［C］claimed
［D］predicted
42、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查词义的辨析。根据上下文可知这里指的是广大的人民群众，是普通的老百姓。AVERAGE意为“平均的，普通的”，符合题意。其他三个选项在此不通。PLAIN意为“朴素的，简朴的”；MEAN作形容词时，意思是“吝啬的，小气的”；NORMAL意为“正常的，没有残疾的”。
［A］plain
［B］average
［C］mean
［D］normal
43、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查考生利用上下文确定选项的能力。“在随后的100年间，大多数英国人过着贫穷、痛苦的生活”。这是工业革命带来的结果。这种结果是MOMENTARY(短暂的)、PROMPT(迅速的)、INSTANT(迅速的)、还是IMMEDIATE(直接的)?由于这段时间长达百年，显然前面三个词都是不合适的。
［A］momentary
［B］prompt
［C］instant
［D］immediate
44、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查词汇搭配使用知识。THE BULK OF STH./SB. 某事/某些人中的主要部分；HOST也可表示大量，但有关的短语是A HOST OF,而不是THE HOST OF;GROSS指“总量、总额”，如GNP (GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCTION，国民生产总值)，GROSS WEIGHT(毛重)；MAGNITUDE通常指体积、规模的大。
［A］bulk
［B］host
［C］gross
［D］magnitude
45、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查词义辨析。BY CONTRAST是固定词组，意为“相比之下”。
［A］On
［B］With
［C］For
［D］By
46、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查词义辨析。BROADLY广泛地；THOROUGHLY彻底地；GENERALLY普遍地；COMPLETELY完全地。“英国还完全是一个农业国”。“英国还是一个彻头彻尾的农业国”。THOROUGHLY 与COMPLETELY似乎都可以，但COMPLETELY的使用更普遍些，它更能强调广义上的全面性。
［A］broadly
［B］thoroughly
［C］generally
［D］completely
47、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查连词用法。第一段的大意是说历史学家向来对工业革命持批评态度；第二段说他们的观点是错误的。两段之间存在意思上的转折，所以应选HOWEVER。MEANWHILE和MOREOVER表递进，THEREFORE表因果，都不对。
［A］however
［B］meanwhile
［C］therefore
［D］moreover
48、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题实质上考查词汇搭配知识。SPECIALIZE IN(以…为专业，专攻/专营…)为固定搭配。SPECIALIST意为专家，是与SPECIALIZE对应的名词形式。
［A］at
［B］in
［C］about
［D］for
49、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查词汇用法辨析。要证明第二段第一句话，历史学家、经济学家必须拿出证据来。结果他们指出了(SHOWN)两点。另外几个词都不符合要求：MANIFEST表明，显示(其主语必须是事物而非人)；APPROVE批准(与题意无关)；SPECULATE思索、推测(不及物动词，须与ON连用)。
［A］manifested
［B］approved
［C］shown
［D］speculated
50、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查词汇搭配使用知识。NOTE作动词时，通常用在BE NOTED FOR(因…而著名)中；IMPRESSED指给人留下印象；LABEL指给物品贴标签，或将…视为…的标志；MARK的意思与LABEL的第二层意思近似，意为“为…的特征”或“标志”。但二者用法不一样，例如：LABEL SB. AS A DEMAGOGUE(视某人为煽动家)；WHAT ARE QUALITIES THAT MARK A GREAT LEADER?(伟大领袖的特质是什么?) HIS DEATH MARKED THE END OF AN ERA.他的去世标志着一个时代的结束。
［A］noted
［B］impressed
［C］labeled
［D］marked
Part ⅢReading Comprehension(每题2分，共40分)Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)
单项选择题
Passage1
Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams.Perhaps it is humankinds long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.But to be fascinated is also,sometimes,to be blind.Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.
The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesnt help that building a big,powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypts leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam.Turkeys bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.
But big dams tend not to work as intended.The Aswan Dam,for example,stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left—all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
And yet ,the myth of controlling the waters persists.This week,in the heart of civilized Europe,Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the stoops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams.But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs,and now needs a dam to prove itself.
Meanwhile,in India,the World Bank has given the goahead to the even more wrongheaded Narmada Dam.And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction.The benefits are for the powerful,but they are far from guaranteed.
Proper,scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the costs and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts.Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams.But when you are dealing with myths,it is hard to be either proper,or scientific.It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan.You dont need a dam to be saved.
51、The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题实为一道句意题。第一段第一句是本段及全文的主题句。其意思是：先进技术所带来的发明中，几乎没有哪一个能像巨型水坝那样让人产生无边的联想。但是，人类在建造大坝时，有时显得很盲目，因为有些大坝带给人类的灾难超过了它们带来了的福祉。所以第三句中的BLIND意为“盲目”(而绝不是“盲人”)，即他们忽视了一些很重要的事情，尽管并不是有意的。所以只有［C］正确。
［A］people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality
［B］the blind could be happier than the sighted
［C］overexcited people tend to neglect vital things
［D］fascination makes people lose their eyesight
52、In paragraph 5,“the powerless” probably refers to [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题是一道指代题。THE+形容词，指一类人，如THE DEAD(死者)，THE EDUCATED(受过教育的人)。那么，THE POWERLESS应该指没有权势的人，即平民百姓。此外，由于前面的词是HARDSHIP FOR,HARDSHIP(艰难困苦)向来是人经受的，所以［A］、［B］、［C］都不对。
［A］areas short of electricity
［B］dams without power stations
［C］poor countries around India
［D］common people in the Narmada Dam area
53、What is the myth concerning giant dams?
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］这是一道细节题。“有关大坝的神话是什么?”第一段的第二句指出了“神话”(MYTH)的内容，即：由于人类经受洪涝、旱灾的危害，使得控制河水为民造福的想法令人不胜神往。第四段第一句也明确指出THE MYTH OF CONTROLLING WATER。所以应选［D］。
［A］They bring in more fertile soil.
［B］They help defend the country.
［C］They strengthen international ties.
［D］They have universal control of the waters.
54、What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题实际上是要求考生选择一个谚语来概括文章作者的主旨。四个选项都是谚语。其意思分别为：［A］覆水难收。［B］欲速则不达。［C］三思而后行。［D］谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。文章最后一段表达了作者的观点：世界各国应从阿斯旺水坝的例子中汲取经验教训。对建坝所涉及的种种因素做全面的科学调查、论证，切忌盲目行动。［C］项是最合适的。
译文 解读 重大技术的创造中几乎没有哪个比巨型大坝更令人心驰神往。也许正是由于人类长期听任旱涝之灾的摆布才使得让洪水听从人的调遣这种理想如此令人痴迷。但使人痴迷有时也就使人盲目。有几个巨型大坝项目颇有弊大于利的态势。 这是一篇议论文。
第一段指出对大坝过于着迷是很盲目的。 修建大坝的教训是，大的并不总是美的。建一个功能强大的大水坝标志着国家和人民在努力显示自身力量已取得了成就，但却无助于国家和人民。埃及在阿拉伯世界的领导地位因阿斯旺大坝得以巩固和加强；土耳其在其急取跻身于第一世界的努力中也包括建造阿塔特克大坝。 第二段指出人们渴望通过修建大坝来控制洪水，并以此来象征一个国家和民族取得的成就，体现一个国家和民族的独立性。 但大坝不会像预期的那样发挥功效。以阿斯旺大坝为例，它挡住了尼罗河的洪水，但也使埃及失运河了洪水冲击过后留下的肥沃土壤，换回来的却是一个病态的水库。现在水库积满泥沙，几乎发不出电来。
然而，制服洪水的神话还在继续传播。本周，在文明欧洲的中心地区，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人为在多瑙河建坝发生争执，差一点儿就要调兵遣将了。在这一大型工程上，可能会出现大坝上所有的常见问题。但是，斯洛伐克人正在闹独立，要脱离捷克，他们需要建大坝来证明自己实力。
与此同时，印度在纳尔马克河大坝上的问题就更多了，但世界银行已贷款给印度。尽管世界银行的顾问说，该大坝会给那里的平民百姓带来苦难，而且会破坏那里的环境，但是，世界银行仍一意孤行。大坝只会给有权有势者带来收益，但却根本没有保障。 第三、四、五段举例指出修建大坝的结果往往有违于人们的初衷。尽管如此，人们想通过修建大坝来控制水的神话依然存在。 对建坝造成的危害以及对治水的耗资和收益进行合理科学的研究，有助于解决这些矛盾。搞水利发电、治洪，以及灌溉并不一定非要建巨型大坝。但如果你相信神话，就难以做到合理或科学。现在，是世界各国从阿斯旺大坝的失败中吸取教训的时候了，人们并不需要大水坝来拯救自己。 第六段指出世人应吸取教训，不要盲目建坝，应三思而后行。
［A］“Its no use crying over spilt milk”
［B］“More haste,less speed”
［C］“Look before you leap”
［D］“He who laughs last laughs best”
Passage2
Well,no gain without pain,they say.But what about pain without gain?Everywhere you go in America,you hear tales of corporate revival.What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
The official statistics are mildly discouraging.They show that,if you lump manufacturing and services together,productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987.That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade.And since 1991,productivity has increased by about 2% a year,which is more than twice the 1978-87 average.The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle,and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.There is,as Robert Rubin,the treasury secretary,says,a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.
Some of this can be easily explained.New ways of organizing the workplace—all that reengineering and downsizing—are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy,which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery,new technology,and investment in education and training. Moreover,most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable,and this need not always mean increasing productivity:switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.
Two other explanations are more speculative.First,some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second,even if it was well done,it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.
Leonard Schlesinger,a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bon Pain,a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes,says that much “reengineering” has been crude.In many cases,he believes,the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost.His colleague,Michael Beer,says that far too many companies have applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion,chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to longterm profitability.BBDOs Al Rosenshine is blunter.He dismisses a lot of the work of reengineering consultants as mere rubbish—“the worst sort of ambulancecashing.”
55、According to the author,the American economic situation is [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］这是一道作者观点题。从第二段中可找到本题的答案。第一句指出：官方的统计数字有些令人沮丧。第五句指出：令人感到困扰的是，近期增长的部分原因是目前正处于经济周期中的正常反弹阶段，因此不足以证明这种趋势的背后存在着经济复苏的迹象。由此看来，［A］最贴切。
［A］not as good as it seems
［B］at its turning point
［C］much better than it seems
［D］near to complete recovery
56、The official statistics on productivity growth [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］这是一道细节题。此题判断的根据在第二段最一句：大幅度提高生产力的大规模经营，与官方的统计数字所反映的情景，这两者之间没什么关系。意即前面这种愿望，并没有在后面的数字中反映出来，因此可理解为没有达到预期的效果。
［A］exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle
［B］fall short of businessmens anticipation
［C］meet the expectation of business people
［D］fail to reflect the true state of economy
57、The author raises the question “what about pain without gain?” because [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］这是一道细节题。作者在第一段第二句提出这一问题后，在第三句便提出了怀疑：这场生产革命是否真能有什么效果?第二段中得出的结论并不乐观，因此他认为答案是否定的。这与［B］项的意思一致。
［A］he questions the truth of “no gain without pain”
［B］he does not think the productivity revolution works
［C］he wonders if the official statistics are misleading
［D］he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses
58、Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］这是一道是非判断题，应用排除法来做。利用排除法。［B］在第三段第一句提及；［C］在最后一段第二句提及；［D］在最后一段最后一句提及。
译文 解读 人们常说，不劳无获。然而，如果劳而无获呢?不管你走在美国的什么地方，你都可能听到关于公司复苏的故事。但是，很难确定的是商家自己认为他们为提高生产效益而进行的这场革命是否真的名副其实。 这是一篇议论文。
第一段指出商人们对所谓的生产力革命的真实性还持怀疑态度。 官方的统计数字多少看来有些令人沮丧。数据表明，把制造业和服务业如果合在一起，那么自1987年以来，生产率平均每年上升1.2%，这比前十年的平均增长指数要快。自1991年以来，生产率每年上升大约2%，这是1978～1987年度平均数的两倍多。令人很困惑的是近年来出现的增长，一定程度上是因为在每个商业周期运作中出现了常见的反弹所造成的。因此，还不能以此作为结论性的证据来证明在这种趋势的背后呈现出经济复苏的态势。正如财政部长罗伯特·鲁宾所说，商业界大量的神话说生产率大幅度提高了，但这与官方统计数字所显示的情况并不相吻合。 第二段指出官方的统计数字也并不乐观，有关生产力增长的传闻和统计数字所反映的情况之间存在差异。 有些是很容易解释的。组织工厂车间的新办法——包括机构重组和缩小规模——只是促进某一经济体的综合生产率水平的一个措施，还有其他许多因素来刺激生产率的提高。例如，对机械设备的联合投资，采用新技术，对教育培训投资。另外，公司进行的大多数改革以赢利为目的，这一要求并不总是意味着提高生产率：转入新的市场或提高产品质量可以收到同样的结果。
另外的两种解释就更加纯理论了。一种解释认为，近年来的一些企业的改组并未奏效；另一种解释说，即使奏效了，也没有像人们想象的那样广泛推广。 第三、四段对造成此种现象的原因进行分析。 哈佛大学学者伦纳德·施莱辛格是迅速壮大的美味面包连锁店的前任总裁。他说，大多数的“企业改组”都是不成熟的。他还认为，大多数企业效益上的损失远远超出成本的降低。他的同事迈克尔·比尔说，为数颇多的公司以简单机械的方式进行机构重组，降低了成本，但是，对长期赢利缺乏充分考虑。BBDO的阿尔·罗森赛恩更不客气，他对重组顾问们做的大量工作不屑一顾，因为那些完全是垃圾——典型的“劳而无获”。 第五段引用专家的评价，对目前进行的促进生产力发展的措施进行了否定。
［A］Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.
［B］New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.
［C］The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain longterm profitability.
［D］The consultants are a bunch of goodfornothings.
Passage3
Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture.Think of Gallileos 17thcentury trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blakes harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has,if anything,deepened in this century.
Until recently,the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics—but no longer.As funding for science has declined,scientists have attacked “antiscience” in several books,notably Higher Superstition,by Paul R. Gross,a biologist at the University of Virginia,and Norman Levitt,a mathematician at Rutgers University;and The DemonHaunted World,by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.
Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason”, held in New York City in 1995,and “Science in the Age of (Mis)information”, which assembled last June near Buffalo.
Antiscience clearly means different things to different people.Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists,philosophers and other academics who have questioned sciences objectivity.Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts,creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.
A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well,from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber,whose manifesto,published in 1995,scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia.But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience,as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.
The environmentalists,inevitably,respond to such critics.The true enemies of secience,argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University,a pioneer of environmental studies,are those who question the evidence supporting global warming,the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
Indeed,some observers fear that the antiscience epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. “The term ‘antiscience’ can lump together too many,quite different things,” notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and AntiScience.“They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.”
59、The word “schism” (Line 3,Paragraph 1) in the context probably means [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］这是一道词义题。从上下文可分析出SCHISM的意思：UNEASY RELATIONSHIP，即科学与文化其它方面之间这种不和谐的关系。DISSATISFACTION(不满)、CONTEMPT(蔑视)不符合题意。CONFRONTATION意为“冲突”，“对抗”，有分庭抗礼、势不两立的意味。而科学与文化诸方面(即人文社科)原本属于同一范畴，它们之间的矛盾应视作两方面的分裂、割裂。所以应选SEPARATION。
［A］confrontation
［B］dissatisfaction
［C］separation
［D］contempt
60、Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］这是一道逻辑题。第二段第二句用一个事实说明自然科学与人文科学之间的分歧：科学家已写了好几本书来抨击反科学的观点。第三段说明自然科学家们反击的方法不仅是“笔伐”，还有召集会议，以捍卫自然科学的尊严。所以，应选［D］。
［A］discuss the cause of the decline of sciences power
［B］show the authors sympathy with scientists
［C］explain the way in which science develops
［D］exemplify the division of science and the humanities
61、Which of the following is true according to the passage?
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］这是一道是非判断题。从第六段第二句可以推断出［A］的正确性。
［A］Environmentalists were blamed for antiscience in an essay.
［B］Politicians are not subject to the labeling of antiscience.
［C］The “more enlightened” tend to tag others as antiscience.
［D］Tagging environmentalists as “antiscience” is justifiable.
62、The author's attitude toward the issue of “science vs. antiscience” is [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］这是一道态度题，问作者对自然科学与人文科学之间的分歧问题持何态度。在整篇文章中，作者一直在客观地从各个角度引述事实来讲述问题，没有主观的评论，所以作者的态度是不偏不倚的。IMPARTIAL公平的；SUBJECTIVE主观的；BIASED有偏见的，有偏向性的；PUZZLING令人迷惑不解的。
译文 解读 自然科学与文化的其他方面的关系在很长一段时间非常紧张。想一想，17世纪时的伽利略因其离经叛道的信仰，遭到天主教会的审判；诗人威廉·布莱克尖锐地批评了艾萨克·牛顿的机械论世界观。自然科学与人文科学间的裂痕甚至在本世纪更深了。 这是一篇议论文。第一段指出自然科学和其他科学之间长期以来关系紧张。 前几年，科学界势力强大，对批评者可以置之不理，但现在不同了。由于科研经费的减少，科学家就推出了几本书来抨击“反科学”的倾向。其中，值得注意的有弗吉尼亚大学生物学家保罗·Ｒ·格罗斯与拉特格斯大学数学家诺曼·莱维特合著的《高级迷信》以及康奈尔大学的卡尔·萨根著的《鬼怪世界》。
科学捍卫者还在集会上表达了他们忧虑，如1995年在纽约市举行的“飞离科学与理性”大会上，以及去年6月在布法罗附近召开的“信息(迷信)时代的科学”大会上。 第二、三段指出现在科学家开始攻击"反科学"，表明科学和反科学之间矛盾开始公开化并不断加深。 很显然，反科学对不同的人有着不同的含义。格罗斯和莱维特针对那些质疑科学客观性的社会学家，哲学家及其他学者，主要挑他们的毛病。萨根更关注那些相信鬼怪、上帝造物以及信奉其他与科学世界观相左的人。
1996年对新闻报道的调查，披露了反科学的标签也贴在了许多其他群体身上，从提倡消灭所有现存的天花病毒的官员到鼓吹削减基础研究基金的共和党人。
把该词用到反原子弹组织身上也不会引起多大争议。它在1995年公开发表声明藐视科学，渴望回到前技术时代的理想社会。但这并不是说，对不加控制的工业发展表示担忧的环保主义者也是反科学的，而去年五月份刊载在《美国新闻与世界报道》的一篇文章似乎对此有所暗示。 第四、五、六段指出反科学的标签被贴在许多人的身上，包括环保主义者。 环保主义者毫无疑问要对这种批评作出反应。处于环境研究前沿的斯坦福大学的保罗·埃利希认为，科学的真正敌人是那些对工业增长使全球变暖，臭氧层日渐稀薄以及对其他后果的证据提出质疑的人。 第七段指出环保人士对此种指责进行了还击。 的确，有些观察者担心反科学这个词语会变得毫无意义。哈佛大学的哲学家杰拉尔德·霍尔顿在他1993年发表的《科学与反科学》的著作中写道：“‘反科学’一词可以涵盖太多而又截然不同的东西，它们惟一的共同点就是会激怒或威胁那些自以为比别人更有见识的人”。 第八段指出泛用"反科学"称号，不加区分的反对一切是无意义的，不可取的。
［A］impartial
［B］subjective
［C］biased
［D］puzzling
Passage4
Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition ,as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.
This development—and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead—has enthroned the South as Americas most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nations head counting.
Altogether,the US population rose in the 1970s by 232 million people—numerically the thirdlargest growth ever recorded in a single decade.Even so,that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent,lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years.
Americans have been migrating south and west in larger numbers since World War Ⅱ,and the pattern still prevails.
Three sunbelt states—Florida,Texas and California—together had nearly 10 million more people in 1980 than a decade earlier. Among large cities,San Diego moved from 14th to 8th and San Antonio from 15th to 10th—with Cleveland and Washington.DC,dropping out of the top 10.
Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt,census officials say.Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role,too—and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterdays “baby boom” generation reached its childbearing years.
Moreover,demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon:More and more Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people,too.Some instances— · Regionally,the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate—37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population.
· Among states,Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all:63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively.Except for Florida and Texas,the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western states with 7.5 million people—about 9 per square mile.
The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates.
Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.There,California added 3.7 million to its population in the 1970s,more than any other state.
In that decade,however,large numbers also migrated from California,mostly to other parts of the West.Often they chose—and still are choosing—somewhat colder climates such as Oregon,Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog,crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.
As a result,Californias growth rate dropped during the 1970s,to 18.5 percent—little more than two thirds the 1960s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.
63、Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided,America in 1970s [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］这是一道细节题。本文第三段第一句说，20世纪70年代，美国的人口总共增加了23，200，000——从数字上看，这10年的人口增长数在所有记录中第三高。［A］、［C］项的意思与之抵触，所以可排除。另外，文章第四段指出，二战以来，美国人大量向西部、南部迁移，这种格局依然盛行。［D］项的意思与之不符，故也可排除。据此也可判断［B］项是正确的。
［A］enjoyed the lowest net growth of population in history
［B］witnessed a southwestern shift of population
［C］underwent an unparalleled period of population growth
［D］brought to a standstill its pattern of migration since World War Ⅱ
64、The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population movement in that [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］这同样是一道细节题，问本次人口普查不同于以前的人口普查主要是因为什么?文章第七段指出：很显然，越来越多的美国人正在寻找的不仅仅是更多的就业机会，也包括人口稀少一些的地方；第九段第一句也是同样的意思。因此选［C］。其他几项尽管文章偶尔提及，但三个动词STRESS(强调)、HIGHLIGHT(重点论述)和ELABORATE(详细论述)显然与文章内容不符。
［A］it stresses the climatic influence on population distribution
［B］it highlights the contribution of continuous waves of immigrants
［C］it reveals the Americans new pursuit of spacious living
［D］it elaborates the delayed effects of yesterday's “baby boom”
65、We can see from the available statistics that [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］这同样也是一道细节题。从文章第七段第二个例子的数据中可找到答案。［A］项的内容文章没有提及；［B］项的内容与第七段第二个事实不符，因为FLORIDA与TEXAS不在西部；［C］项与最后两段的内容不符。
［A］California was once the most thinly populated area in the whole US
［B］the top 10 states in growth rate of population were all located in the West
［C］cities with better climates benefited unanimously from migration
［D］Arizona ranked second of all states in its growth rate of population
66、The word “demographers” (Line 1,Paragraph 7) most probably means [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］这是一道词义题。第七段中DEMOGRAPHERS提出的两个统计数字都是关于人口问题的，所以可推知他们应该是人口学家。
译文 解读 1980年人口普查表明，随着东北部和中部人口增长近乎停止，地区间的竞争越来越激烈了。
这一发展趋势及其对今后美国在政策制定和经济方面的重大影响使得南方首次成了美国人口普查史上人口最密集的地区。
20世纪70年代，美国人口总共增加了2320万——从数字上看，这是记录以来十年期人口增长的第三高峰。即使这样，人口总数也只增加了114%。除了大萧条时期，这是美国年度记录最低的增长率。 这是一篇说明文。
第一、二、三段指出80年美国人口普查显示，南部在人口统计史上首次成为美国人口最稠密的地方。70年代美国人口净增长数量很大，但增长率极低。 自从第二次世界大战以来，美国人口一直大量向南方和西部地区迁移，至今，这一趋势仍然盛行。
在佛罗里达、得克萨斯和加利福尼亚这三个阳光充沛的州，1980年的人口差不多比十年前增加了将近1000万。在大城市排行榜上，圣地亚哥从第14位上升到第8位，圣安东尼奥从第15位上升到第10位，而克利夫兰和华盛顿特区却被排挤出前十名。 第四、五段指出普查也显示，二战以后美国人不断向西、南部迁移，而且这种趋势依然存在。 人口普查官员说，并不是所有这些迁移都是为了离开寒带，绵延不断的移民潮还有当年“生育高峰”时期出生的孩子已经到了生育年龄，这些因素都在发挥着作用。
此外，人口统计学家发现，向南部和西部的不断迁移还伴随着一种与此相关却又与以往不同的现象：越来越多的美国人显然不再只是寻找有更多就业机会的地方，他们还在寻找人口稀少的地方。请看下面的例证：
从区域上看，落基山脉附近各州的人口增长率最高——有报告说，居住在这片广袤地带的人口仅占美国总人口的5%，但自1970年开始，其增长率却上升到371%。
从各州情况看，内华达州和亚利桑那州是增长率最高的两个州，分别为635%和531%。除了佛罗里达州和得克萨斯州外，处于增长率前十位的是西部各州，共有750万人口——每平方英里大约9个人。
逃离人口稠密地区的做法改变了过去一味要离开寒带地区到气候还说得过去的地方去的趋势。
1980年人口普查的统计数字最充分地描绘出美国人迁往最西部是为了找到更广阔的生存空间。这样一来，70年代加利福尼亚州人口增长最快，增加了370万。
70年代也有大批的人离开加利福尼亚州，但是，多数人的目的地是西部的其他地方。他们当时——现在也是如此——要去的地方是气候比较寒冷的俄勒冈、爱达荷和阿拉斯加等地，为的是躲开这个人称黄金州的烟雾、犯罪以及其他都市化带来的灾难。
结果，70年代加利福尼亚州的人口增长率降到了185%。这个数字比60年代增长率的三分之二略高，但明显低于其他西部各州。 第六段至最后对上现象进行分析的过程中发现美国人向西迁移，主要因为想寻找宽阔的生存空间。
［A］people in favor of the trend of democracy
［B］advocates of migration between states
［C］scientists engaged in the study of population
［D］conservatives clinging to old patterns of life
Passage5
Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the worlds volcanoes,they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earths surface;on the contrary,many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.Most of the hot spots move only slowly,and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes.The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.
That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America,for example,are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them.The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined.The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail,but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earths interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots,anchored in the deeper layers of the earth,provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hotspot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years. The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference.It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe.When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot,the material rising from deeper layers creates a broad dome.As the dome grows,it develops deep fissures (cracks);in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures,so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents,so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy).
67、The author believes that [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查作者的观点。文章的第二段第三句意为：附加的海岸线及大洋两岸相同的地质特征，提醒人们这两块大陆以前在什么地方是相连的。由此可判断［B］项是正确的。由下一句可知［A］项错误；由第二段第五句可知［C］项错误；［D］项的意思与文章的最后一句正好相反，也可以排除。
［A］the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earths interior
［B］the geological theory about drifting plates has been proved to be true
［C］the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directions
［D］the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart
68、That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from the fact that [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］这是一道细节题，问凭什么可以认定非洲和南美洲曾经连在一起。参看文章第二段第二句。
［A］the two continents are still moving in opposite directions
［B］they have been found to share certain geological features
［C］the African plate has been stable for 30 million years
［D］over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe
69、The hotspot-theory may prove useful in explaining [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］这又是一道细节题。第三段主要论述HOT SPOTS的重要性。此段第四句最后一部分指出：“于是HOT SPOTS导致了新海洋的形成”。［D］项与这是一致的。要注意的是在此段最后一句话中:JUST AS...,AS...是固定的句型，意为“正如…一样，…一样也…”。“正如早期的一些理论已经解释了大陆的迁移一样，HOT SPOTS也许解释了它们的不稳定性。”
［A］the structure of the African plates
［B］the revival of dead volcanoes
［C］the mobility of the continents
［D］the formation of new oceans
70、The passage is mainly about [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］这是一道主旨题。文章的开头和结尾都落在HOT SPOTS上，所以全文的中心也应该是关于这一点的。
译文 解读 地球上散落分布着100多个互不相连且面积不大的火山活动区，被地质学家称为热点。与大多数火山不同的是，它们都不位于形成地球表面的巨大漂移板块的连接处，许多反倒藏于板块的深处。大多数热点移动极其缓慢，有时，板块滑过这些热点，便留下死火山的痕迹。热点及其火山痕迹标志着板块漂移而过。 这是一篇说明文。
第一段引出热点的定义并说明热点及其火山痕迹标志着板块移动经过。 板块漂移现在已是无可争辩的了。以非洲和南美洲为例，由于有新物质嵌入洋底，两块大陆距离越来越远。虽然远隔大洋，但相互吻合的海岸线似乎好像跨越过海的地质特征，会使人想到这两块大陆曾是连成一片的。带着两块大陆漂移的板块做相对运动，这已得到详细说明，但不能把一个板块相对于另一板块的运动简单地解释为板块与地球内部之间的运动。人们还不能确定两块大陆是否在朝相反的方向运动，也不能确定是否是一个大陆原地不动，另一个大陆正在离它而去。位于地壳深处的热点提供了解决这一问题的测量仪。从热点地区的人口情况分析来看，似乎非洲板块是固定的，三千万年过去了也没有移动。 第二段指出热点对于板块移动的研究提供了一个参照，并举例说明。 热点的重要意义并不仅在于它们所起到的参照体系的作用。现在看来，它们还对推动板块在地球表面漂移这一地球物理过程有重要影响。当大陆板块漂移到热点上方，从地壳深处涌出的物质便会使板块凸起，形成巨大圆盖。圆盖不断增大，板块出现深深的裂痕。起码有几次，大陆可能沿着这些裂痕开了。因此，热点理论解释了新海洋的成因。这样，正如早期一些理论已经解释了大陆的可移性一样，热点理论或许可以解释大陆板块的不稳定性。 第三段指出热点对推动板块移动的地质物理学过程也提供了解释。它造成了大陆的断裂，形成新海洋。
［A］the features of volcanic activities
［B］the importance of the theory about drifting plates
［C］the significance of hot spots in geophysical studies
［D］the process of the formation of volcanoes
Part Ⅳ EnglishChinese Translation(每题3分，共15分)Directions:
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.(15 points)
They were,by far,the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected:a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion lightyears from earth.(71)(But even more important,it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past,for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.)That was just about the moment that the universe was born.What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected:the US National Aeronautics and Space Administrations Cosmic Background Explorer satellite—Cobe—had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy).
(72)(The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang,first put forward in the 1920s,to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.)According to the theory,the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic,unimaginably dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions,emitting radiation as it went,condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas.Over billions of years,the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies,stars,plants and eventually,even humans.
Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures,but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well,the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies.They shouldnt have long to wait.(73)(Astrophysicists working with groundbased detectors at the South Pole and balloonborne instruments are closing in on such structures,and may report their findings soon.)
(74)(If the small hot spots look as expected,that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea,a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.)Inflatioin says that very early on,the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion trillion trillion trillionfold in much less than a second,preopelled by a sort of antigravity.(75)(Odd though it sounds,cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementaryparticle physics,and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.)
71、72、73、74、75
（本题分值：3分）
【正确答案】
更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
Part Ⅴ Writing(每题15分，共15分)(15points)
76、Directions:
A Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words.
B Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.
C Your essay should meet the requirements below:
1. Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon.
2. Give your comments
（本题分值：15分）
【正确答案】
略 |
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发表于 2016-7-27 01:16:31