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95研究生入学考试英语试题

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发表于 2016-7-27 01:16:29 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Part Ⅰ Structure and Vocabulary(每题0.5分,共20分)选择下列答案中正确的一个,选择您认为正确的答案
Section A
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and [D].Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)
Example:
I have been to the Great Wall three times [] 1979.
[A]from[B]after[C]for[D]since
The sentence should read, I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore, you should choose [D].
Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [D]
1、Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed [].
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
D
[注释]句子中有表示过去的时间状语:BETWEEN 1897 AND 1919。主语是MOTION PICTURES,所以要用过去完成时的被动语态HAD BEEN PRODUCED。
[A]had produced
[B]have been produced
[C]would have produced
[D]had been produced
2、There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than [] in the public mind today.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
A
[注释]此句的主要结构是THERE OUGHT TO BE LESS ANXIETY THAN ...。THAN后面是一个省略的比较状语从句,实际上省略了 THERE EXISTS ANXIETY。THAN后面应接一个从句,所以[C] EXISTING 可以首先排除;后面有状语TODAY, [D]EXISTED也可排除;[B] EXIST 应该在主语是复数时用,这儿主语是单数,可以排除。
[A]exists
[B]exist
[C]existing
[D]existed
3、The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds [] his argument in favor of the new theory.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
B
[注释]WHICH是关系代词,代替先行词GROUNDS,在后面的不定式短语中作介词ON的宾语。本来应当说TO BASE HIS ARGUMENT ON THE GROUNDS,这儿的ON也随着WHICH提前了,变成ON WHICH。
[A]which to base on
[B]on which to base
[C]to base to which
[D]which to be based on
4、 [] can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
D
[注释]此句实际测试“CANNOT HELP BUT +动词原形”的结构,意思是“不由得,禁不住,不得不”。可是句中的CAN HELP却不是否定式,所以只有从代词中找个否定的代词来表示否定,因此只有NOBODY合适。
[A]Everybody
[B]Anybody
[C]Somebody
[D]Nobody
5、How many of us [],say,a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
B
[注释]这个句子的主要结构是:HOW MANY OF US...WOULD BE INTERESTED...?句中的SAY是插入语,相当于 FOR EXAMPLE。THAT IS IRRELEVANT TO US是修饰 A MEETING 的定语从句。空格处肯定不是谓语动词,[A],[D]可以首先排除。[B] ATTENDING是现在分词,作定语,修饰 MANY OF US。[C]TO ATTEND 是不定式,作定语时多修饰有 FIRST,LAST,ONLY等修饰的名词。
[A]attended
[B]attending
[C]to attend
[D]have attended
6、Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe [] it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
C
[注释]IN THAT是“因为,原因是”,引导原因状语从句。[A] SO THAT 引导目的或结果状语从句;[B] BUT THAT引导并列句;[D] PROVIDED THAT 引导条件状语从句,从逻辑上都与前半句不搭配。
[A]so that
[B] but that
[C] in that
[D]provided that
7、We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style [] in a personal one.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
A
[注释]RATHER THAN是“宁愿……而不愿;而不是”。[B] OTHER THAN是“除……外,不同于……”;[C] BETTER THAN 是“比……好”;[D] LESS THAN是“比……少”。
[A]rather than
[B]other than
[C]better than
[D]less than
8、[] is generally accepted,economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
D
[注释]AS是关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,位置可放在句首、句中或句末。其余三个选项填入后与后面的句子都不搭配。
[A]What
[B]That
[C]It
[D]As
9、It is believed that today's pop music can serve as a creative force [] stimulating the thinking of its listeners.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
A
[注释]BY+动名词意思里“用……的方法(手段);通过……方式。”另外三个介词都不可这样用。
[A]by
[B]with
[C]at
[D]on
10、Just as the soil is a part of the earth,[] the atmosphere.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
C
[注释]此句的重点是测试JUST AS ...SO...这一句型。后面须接SO...与JUST AS...相呼应。[D] AND SO IS 中多了AND。[A]项与[B]项都不用于这一句型。
[A]as it is
[B]the same is
[C]so is
[D]and so is
Section B
Directions:
Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A],[B],[C]and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5 points)
Example:
A number of[A] foreign visitors were taken[B] to the industrial exhibition, which[C] they saw[D] many new products.
Answer [C] is wrong. The sentence should read, A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition, where they saw many new products.” So you should choose [C].
Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [D]
11、The conveniences that Americans desire reflecting [A] not so much a leisurely [B] lifestyle as a busy lifestyle in which even minutes of time are [C]too valuable to be wasted.[D]
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
A
[注释]REFLECTING改为REFLECT。句中THAT AMERICANS DESIRE是定语从句,修饰先行词THE CONVENIENCES。[A]项位置的REFLECTING应当是主句的谓语,但它是现在分词,不可单独作谓语,所以要改为REFLECT。
[A]
[B]
[C]
[D]
12、In debating, one must correct the opponents[A] facts, deny the relevance of his proof, or deny that [B]what [C] he presents as proof,unless [D] relevant, is sufficient.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
D
[注释]UNLESS改为IF。原句中的UNLESS=IF NOT,表示否定,意思不对。全句的意思是:在辩论中,一方应纠正对方的论据,否定其证据的贴切性。或者,如果对方提出的论据是贴切的,也要说论据不充分。
[A]
[B]
[C]
[D]
13、We are not conscious of [A] the extent of which [B] work provides he psychological satis faction that [C]can make the difference [D]between a full and an empty life.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
B
[注释]OF WHICH改为TO WHICH。WHICH代替前面的先行词EXTENT,其前面应当用介词TO。
[A]
[B]
[C]
[D]
14、The Portuguese give [A] a great deal of credit to one man [B] for having promoted [C] sea travel,that man was [D] Prince Henry the navigator,who lived in the 15th century.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
D
[注释]WAS改为BEING。THAT MAN前是一个逗号,两个句子前都没有连词,逗号不能连接并列句,所以不能用谓语动词WAS。改为BEING后,和THAT MAN构成分词独立结构作状语,表示补充说明。
[A]
[B]
[C]
[D]
15、Accuonts of [A] scientific experiments are generally correct, for [B] thosewrite about [C] science are careful in checking [D] the accuracy of their reports.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
C
[注释]WRITE ABOUT改为WHO WRITE ABOUT或WRITING ABOUT。FOR引导表示原因的并列句,通常前面有逗号。WRITE ABOUT SCIENCE后还有谓语ARE CAREFUL,显然[C]部分应当是修饰THOSE的定语,所以应改为定语从句或用现在分词作定语。
[A]
[B]
[C]
[D]
16、Whenever we hear of [A]a natural disaster, even[B]in a distant part of the world, we feel sympathy [C]for the people to have affected.[D]
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
D
[注释]TO HAVE AFFECTED改为WHO HAVE BEEN AFFECTED或AFFECTED。TO HAVE AFFECTED是不定式的完成式,表示主动,这儿应表示被动,所以应当改为用被动语态的定语从句,或表示被动的过去分词。
[A]
[B]
[C]
[D]
17、It is perhaps not an exaggeration to say [A] that we shall soon be trusting [B] our health, wealth and happiness to elements with whom [C] very names the general public are[D] unfamiliar.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
C
[注释]WHOM改为WHOSE。WHOM与后面的VERY NAMES不搭配。改为WHOSE后,WHOSE作定语。
[A]
[B]
[C]
[D]
18、The speaker claimed that no other[A] modern nation devotes so small [B] a portion of its wealth to public assistance and health than [C] the United States does.[D]
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
C
[注释]THAN改为AS。前面是SO SMALL…,用的是原级比较,所以后面必须与AS搭配;THAN与比较级搭配。
[A]
[B]
[C]
[D]
19、There are those who consider it questionable that these defence-linked [A] research projects will account for [B] an improvement in the standard of living or,alternately, to do much [C] to protect our diminishing [D] resources.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
C
[注释]TO DO MUCH改为(WILL) DO MUCH。连词OR连接两个并列谓语,WILL ACCOUNT FOR和(WILL) DO MUCH。[C]项中的TO DO MUCH是不定式,不能与前面的谓语并列。
[A]
[B]
[C]
[D]
20、If individuals are awakened [A]each time as [B] they begin a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even though [C] their total amount of sleep has been [D] sufficient.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
B
[注释]EACH TIME AS改为EACH TIME。EACH TIME是名词短语,意思是“每当,每次”,在句子中可以起连词作用,引导时间状语从句,不与AS连用。可以这样用的还有一些名词短语和副词,如:EVERY TIME, NEXT TIME,THE MINUTE, THE INSTANT,THE MOMENT, DIRECTLY, INSTANTLY, IMMEDIATELY等。
[A]
[B]
[C]
[D]
Section C
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Example:
The lost car of the Lees was found [] in the woods off the highway.
[A]vanished [B]scattered [C]abandoned [D]rejected
The sentence should read, he lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” Therefore, you should choose [C].
Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [D]
21、In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly [] if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
B
[注释] REGARDED 在这儿是“尊重,尊敬”的意思。[A] ADMIRED 是“羡慕”,爱慕;[C] EXPECTED 是“期待,期望”;[D] WORSHIPPED 是“崇拜,敬仰”。
[A] admired
[B] regarded
[C] expected
[D] worshipped
22、A [] of the long report by the budget committee was submitted to the mayor for approval.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
D
[注释] SKETCH 是“梗概,概要”。[A] SHORTHAND 是“速记”;[B] SCHEME 是“计划,方案”;[C] SCHEDULE 是“计划表,时间表”。
[A] shorthand
[B] scheme
[C] schedule
[D] sketch
23、A man has to make [] for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
C
[注释] PROVISON 是“防备,预防”。[A] SUPPLY 是“供应,供给”;[B] ASSURANCE 是“保证,保险”;[D] ADJUSTMENT 是“调整”。
[A]supply
[B]assurance
[C]provisiond
[D]adjustment
24、 The newly-built Science Building seems [] enough to last a hundred years.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
C
[注释] SUBSTANTIAL 是“坚固的,结实的”。[A] SPACIOUS 是“宽敞的”;[B] SOPHISTICATED 是“精密的,复杂的”;[D] STEADY 是“稳定的”。
[A] spacious
[B] sophisticated
[C] substantial
[D] steady
25、It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are [] free medical care.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
A
[注释] ENTITLED TO 是“给予……,授予……”。[B] INVOLVED IN 是“牵涉,陷入”;[C] ASSOCIATED WITH 是“与……有关”;[D] ASSIGNED TO 是“把……分配给”。
[A] entitled to
[B] involved in
[C] associated with
[D] assigned to
26、 The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at [].
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
B
[注释] AT STAKE 是“在危险中,生死攸关”。[A] DANGER 是“危险”,不与 AT 搭配;[C] LOSS 是“损失,丧失”,与 AT 搭配时,应说 AT A LOSS,意思是“不知所措”;[D] THREAT 是“威胁”,不与 AT 搭配。
[A] danger
[B] stake
[C] loss
[D] threat
27、I felt [] to death because I could make nothing of the chairmans speech.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
D
[注释] FELT BORED 是“感到厌烦”,全句意思是“因为我对主席的讲话不知所云,所以感到厌烦极了”。[A] FATIGUED 和[C] EXHAUSTED 都指身体疲倦。[B] TIRED 可指身体疲倦,也可指精神上厌烦,但后面不接介词 TO。
[A] fatigued
[B] tired
[C] exhausted
[D] bored
28、When the engine would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at [].
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
C
[注释] AT FAULT 是固定搭配,意思是“出故障,出差错”。[A] WRONG 是“错误的”,是形容词,不与 AT 搭配;[B] TROUBLE 与 IN 搭配;[D] DIFFICULTY 也与 IN 搭配,不与 AT 搭配。
[A] wrong
[B] trouble
[C] fault
[D] difficulty
29、 Your advice would be [] valuable to him, who is at present at his wit's end.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
A
[注释] EXCEEDINGLY 是“非常”,修饰 VALUABLE,意思恰当。[B] EXCESSIVELY 是“过多地”;[C] EXTENSIVELY 是“广泛地”;[D] EXCLUSIVELY 是“专门地”。
[A] exceedingly
[B] excessively
[C] extensively
[D] exclusively
30、He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to [] the consequences.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
A
[注释] ANSWER FOR 是“对……负责”。[B] RUN INTO 是“陷入,碰到”;C) ABIDE BY 是“遵守”;[D] STEP INTO 是“进入,走进”。
[A] answer for
[B] run into
[C] abide by
[D] step into
31、The river is already [] its banks because of excessive rainfall; and the city is threatened with a likely flood.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
D
[注释] FLUSH WITH 是“与……齐平”。[A] PARALLEL 是“与……平行”;[B] LEVEL IN 是“相等”;[C] FLAT ON 是“平躺”。
[A] parallel to
[B] level in
[C] flat on
[D] flush with
32、People [] that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
B
[注释] ANTICIPATED 是“期待,期望”。[A] CONVINCED 是“相信;说服”;[C] RESOLVED 是“下决心”;[D] ASSURED 是“保证”。
[A] convinced
[B] anticipated
[C] resolved
[D] assured
33、In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written or [] for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic programme for the reading skills.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
A
[注释] ADAPTED 是“改编,使适合”,可与介词 FOR 搭配。[B] ACKNOWLEDGED 是“承认,得到认可”;[C] ASSEMBLED 是“组装;集合”;[D] APPOINTED 是“指定,约定”。
[A] adapted
[B] acknowledged
[C] assembled
[D] appointed
34、The mother said she would [] her son washing the dishes if he could finish his assignment before supper.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
C
[注释] LET OFF 是“饶恕,宽恕”。[A] LET DOWN 是“放下,辜负,使失望”;[B] LET ALONE 是“不干涉,别睬”;[D] LET OUT 是“泄露;放出去”。
[A] let down
[B] let alone
[C] let off
[D] let out
35、We should always keep in mind that [] decisions often lead to bitter regrets.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
B
[注释] HASTY 是“匆忙的,草率的”。[A] URGENT 是“紧急的,迫切的”;[C] INSTANT 是“即时的,立刻的”;[D] PROMPT 是“迅速的”。
[A] urgent
[B] hasty
[C] instant
[D] prompt
36、John complained to the bookseller that there were several pages [] in the dictionary.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
A
[注释] MISSING 是“漏掉的,失踪的”。[B] LOSING (丢失的,失败的),是及物动词,不放在被修辞词之后作定语;[C] DROPPING 是“落下的,往下掉的”;[D] LEAKING 是“漏的,泄漏的”。
[A] missing
[B] losing
[C] dropping
[D] leaking
37、In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women [] this field is climbing.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
D
[注释] PURSUING 是“从事,参与”,是及物动词,以 FIELD 为宾语。[A] ENGAGING 也有“从事,忙于”,但要与介词 IN 搭配;[B] DEVOTING 是“贡献,献身”,要与介词 TO 搭配,多用 BE DEVOTED TO 这一结构;[C] REGISTERING 是“登记,注册”。
[A] engaging
[B] devoting
[C] registering
[D] pursuing
38、The supervisor didnt have time so far to go into it [], but he gave us an idea about his plan.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
D
[注释] AT LENGTH “详细地,充分地”。[A] AT HAND 是“在手头;即将来临”;[B] IN TURN 是“依次,轮流”;[C] IN CONCLUSION 是“最后;结论”。
[A] at hand
[B] in turn
[C] in conclusion
[D] at length
39、 Their demand for a pay raise has not the slightest [] of being met.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
A
[注释] PROSPECT 是“前景,希望”。[B] PREDICTION 是“预言”;[C] PROSPERITY 是“繁荣;茂盛”;[D] PERMISSION 是 “允许,同意”。
[A] prospect
[B] prediction
[C] prosperity
[D] permission
40、It's usually the case people seldom behave in a way when in a [] furious state.
(本题分值:0.5分)
【正确答案】
B
[注释] RATIONAL 是“理智的,理性的”。[A] STABLE 是“稳定的,安定的”;[C] LEGAL 是“合法的”;[D] CREDIBLE 是“可信的;可靠的”。
[A] stable
[B] rational
[C] legal
[D] credible
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test(每题1分,共10分)Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and [D].Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Sleep is divided into periods of socalled REM sleep,characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming,and longer periods of nonREM sleep.[41] kind of sleep is at all wellunderstood,but REM sleep is [42] to serve some restorative function of the brain.The purpose of nonREM sleep is even more [43].The new experiments,such as those [44] for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis,suggest fascinating explanations [45] of non-REM sleep.
For example,it has long been known that total sleep [46]is 100 percent fatal to rats,yet,[47] examination of the dead bodies,the animals look completely normal.A researcher has now [48] the mystery of why the animals die.The rats [49] bacterial infections of the blood,[50] their immune systems—the selfprotecting mechanism against diseases—had crashed.
41、
(本题分值:1分)
【正确答案】
B
[注释]上文提到了两种类型的睡眠,所以可以排除ANY。又由于本句中出现了AT ALL,它往往与NOT连用,而本句中尚未有否定词,所以NEITHER应是正确的选项。
[A]Either
[B]Neither
[C]Each
[D]Any
42、
(本题分值:1分)
【正确答案】
C
[注释]INTENDED意为“目的是”,“打算用来”;REQUIRED意为“必须”,“被要求”;ASSUMED意为“假定”,“认为”;INFERRED意为“推断”。根据题意,ASSUMED应是正确答案。另外,科技文章中经常出现ASSUME一词,表示理论推理成立的前提或假说。
[A]intended
[B]required
[C]assumed
[D]inferred
43、
(本题分值:1分)
【正确答案】
C
[注释]从上文看,睡眠的作用人们尚知之甚少(NOT AT ALL WELL UNDERSTOOD),MYSTERIOUS的意思正是“(因为知之不多而使人感觉)神秘的”,“不可思议”。而将另外的OBVIOUS(明显)、DOUBTFUL(可疑)、SUBTLE(微妙的,难以察觉的)与前面的MORE一词联系起来看,都不符合逻辑:前面的一种睡眠的作用尚处于“假定”阶段,既不明显,也不可疑,也不微妙,何来更加明显,更加可疑,更加微妙呢?
[A]subtle
[B]obvious
[C]mysterious
[D]doubtful
44、
(本题分值:1分)
【正确答案】
B
[注释]由于空格前一词THOSE指前文中的EXPERIMENTS,本题实际上旨在考查动词与EXPERIMENTS的搭配问题。由于提及EXPERIMENTS的背景是在一次会议上,那么这个动词不可能是MAINTAINED(主张,坚持)、SETTLED(解决)或AFFORDED(承受、负担得起),当时的情况只可能允许发言者DESCRIBED(描述)EXPERIMENTS。
即使有人“坚持”做实验,那么这个“坚持”应该换别的词,因为MAINTAIN用做此意时,后面应接从句或OPINION,PRINCIPLE,GROUND等名词;即使有人“负担得起”做实验的费用和时间,AFFORD都只能用主动语态。而SETTLE的宾语往往是PROBLEM,DISPUTE,DISAGREEMENT,DATE,BOUNDARIES或DEBT等词,它不与EXPERIMENT搭配。
[A]maintained
[B]described
[C]settled
[D]afforded
45、
(本题分值:1分)
【正确答案】
D
[注释]根据题意,此处应填“关于……(的解释)”,或“对……(做出解释)”。IN THE LIGHT OF是“根据”,“考虑到”的意思,如:IN THE LIGHT OF CIRCUMSTANCES考虑到具体的情况;BY VIRTUE OF 意为“由于”,“凭借”;WITH THE EXCEPTION OF意为“除……之外”;FOR THE PURPOSE OF意为“为……的目的”。前三个短语都不符合题意。而EXPLANATIONS FOR...正是“对……做出解释”。
[A]in the light
[B]by virtue
[C]with the exception
[D]for the purpose
46、
(本题分值:1分)
【正确答案】
C
[注释]REDUCTION意为“减少”;DESTRUCTION意为“破坏”,“毁坏”;DEPRIVATION为“剥夺”,“使丧失”;而RESTRICTION的意思是“限制”。题意应该作“完全剥夺其睡眠对老鼠而言是致命的”,所以选[C]。
[A]reduction
[B]destruction
[C]deprivation
[D]restriction
47、
(本题分值:1分)
【正确答案】
A
[注释]UPON在许多情况下与ON同,表示“在……时”或“一……就……”。那么本句的意思是:在接受尸检时,那些老鼠看起来没什么异常情况。THROUGH,BY及WITH在这里都不合适,因为其逻辑主语要求与句子真正的主语一致。
[A]upon
[B]by
[C]through
[D]with
48、
(本题分值:1分)
【正确答案】
D
[注释]由于下文说到RATS死亡的真正原因,此处应该填入表示“解释”,“说明”意思的词组,而CAST LIGHT ON正是此意。另外,PAID ATTENTION TO(注意到),CAUGHT SIGHT OF(看见)及LAID EMPHASIS ON(强调,侧重于)显然不符题意。
[A]paid attention to
[B]caught sight of
[C]laid emphasis on
[D]cast light on
49、
(本题分值:1分)
【正确答案】
A
[注释]空格后面的BACTERIAL INFECTIONS意思是“细菌感染”,是一种病症;而老鼠们PRODUCE(制造)、STIMULATE(刺激)、INDUCE(引诱、诱使)细菌感染都是不合逻辑的。
DEVELOP在这里的意思不是“发展”,也不是“开发”,而是“患(病)”,及物动词。如:
HE SEEMS TO BE DEVELOPING AN ILLNESS.他好像得病了。
HE DEVELOPED MEASLES WHEN HE WAS 5.他五岁时出的麻疹。
[A]develop
[B]produce
[C]stimulate
[D]induce
50、
(本题分值:1分)
【正确答案】
B
[注释]最后半句突然出现一个与前面不一致的过去完成时,说明作者用的是虚拟语气,那么此处就该填入可以接虚拟语气的连接词。
[A]if
[B]as if
[C]only if
[D]if only
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension(每题分,共0分)Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A],[B],[C]and [D].Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)
单项选择题
Passage1
Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices,thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour,and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services:without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much,the price of your television license would need to be doubled,and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 percent more.
And perhaps most important of all,advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twentyseven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising,no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long,for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised,it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it,and that it represents good value. Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.
There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a wellknown television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.
If its message were confined merely to information—and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve,for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive—advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the wellknown television personality wants.
51、By the first sentence of the passage the author means that [].
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
D
[注释]本题的关键在于明白:AS WELL AS在这里不是表示AND意思的固定词组,而是AS...AS中间加WELL,表示“同…一样好”的意思。那么,第一句话的言下之意,自然是说把钱花在广告上是值得的。另外,从文章的内容也可反过来推断第一句话的意思,因为它是TOPIC SENTENCE。
[A]he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising
[B]everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming
[C]advertising costs money like everything else
[D]it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising
52、In the passage,which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
A
[注释]较简单,考的是与原文的对应,[A]项原文没有提到,所以是正确答案。
[A]Securing greater fame.
[B]Providing more jobs.
[C]Enhancing living standards.
[D]Reducing newspaper cost.
53、The author deems that the wellknown TV personality is [].
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
D
[注释]问题是关于作者的态度。文中作者认为这个人太挑剔了,即“HE WAS DRAWING EXCESSIVELY FINE DISTINCTIONS.”即使不明白该句含义,但 EXCESSIVELY 一词有“过度,过分”一义是知道的,因此可推测作者对这个人观点持负面态度。从选项来看,[D]项为明显负面态度,确定为正确答案。
[A]very precise in passing his judgment on advertising
[B]interested in nothing but the buyers attention
[C]correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information
[D]obviously partial in his views on advertising
54、In the author's opinion,[].
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
C
[注释]这也是关于作者态度的问题。从最后一段来看,作者婉转地表达了他的态度。他的假设如果广告只是提供信息而没有劝说的作用,就不会有人看广告了。因此,作者的态度很明确,广告当然有说服消费者的作用,这也体现在他对那位知名人士的批评之中。
译文
花钱做广告是我知道的最好的花钱方式。广告有助于货物以合理价格直接销售,由此建立稳定的国内市场,有可能以竞争价格出口。通过把人们的注意力吸引到新观念上来,它对人民的生活水平有极大的提高。通过促进需求的增加,它确保对劳动力的需求,因此也是抵制失业的有效方法。它降低了许多服务的成本,如果没有广告,日报的价格会上涨四倍,电视收视费会翻一番,乘车或地铁会多花20%以上。
也许最重要的是,广告在你所买的产品和服务中提供了一种合理的价值保证。除了有27个国会法案约束着广告业外,任何广告商都不敢促销与广告内容不相符的产品。他可能通过骗人的广告,暂时愚弄某些人。他这样做的时间不会很长,因为,所幸的是,公众有良好的判断力,他们不会第二次买质量低劣的商品。如果你看到某件商品被连续地进行广告宣传,那么这就是我知道的最确凿的证明,证明该产品名副其实,含有很高的价值。
广告比我能想起的任何其他形式都更能给人们带来物质利益。
还有一点我觉得应该简单地讲讲。最近,我听到一位电视名人声称,他反对广告,因为广告是在说服人而不是提供信息。他作出的区分过于细微。当然,广告就是力求去说服人。
如果广告的内容仅仅局限于信息(这本身,如果不是不可能,将会很难实现,因为即使是挑选衬衫颜色这种细节也带有一点劝诱性),广告将会非常令人厌倦,以至于没有人会注意。但也许那正是那位电视名人所期望的。
[A]advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information
[B]advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over
[C]there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer
[D]the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement
Passage2
There are two basic ways to see growth:one as a product,the other as a process.People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion,the student whose grades improve,the foreigner who learns a new language—these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast,the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine,since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself,but rather the attitudes and feelings people have,their caution or courage,as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles.In this process,the journey never really ends;there are always new ways to experience the world,new ideas to try,new challenges to accept.
In order to grow,to travel new roads,people need to have a willingness to take risks,to confront the unknown,and to accept the possibility they may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so,then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think were shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate,to move slowly,and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think were slow to adapt to change or that were not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and selfdoubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts,if we protect ourselves too much,then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.
55、A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when [].
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
]A
[注释]根据第一段内容,可选出A项为正确答案。因为只有[A]项是可明显地确定和测量的。
[A]he has given up his smoking habit
[B]he has made great efforts in his work
[C]he is keen on learning anything new
[D]he has tried to determine where he is on his journey
56、In the author's eyes,one who views personal growth as a process would [].
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
C
[注释]根据第二段内容,可选[C]项为正确答案。
[A]succeed in climbing up the social ladder
[B]judge his ability to grow from his own achievements
[C]face difficulties and take up challenges
[D]aim high and reach his goal each time
57、When the author says “a new way of being” (line 2, para. 3),he is referring to [].
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
A
[注释]A NEW WAY OF BEING 此处含义为“一种新的生活方式”,四个选项中[A]项与原文最贴切,为正确答案。
[A]a new approach to experiencing the world
[B]a new way of taking risks
[C]a new method of perceiving ourselves
[D]a new system of adapting to change
58、For personal growth,the author advocates all of the following except [].
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
D
[注释]在最后一段,作者认为如果我们不面对和克服内心的恐惧和疑虑,我们将不能成长。所以正确答案为[D]项。
译文
关于成长,人们有两种基本看法:一是看作为结果;另一种是看作为过程。人们通常把个人成长看作很容易识别和衡量的外在结果。工人晋职,学生升级,外国人掌握了一门新的语言,这些都可表明他们付出之后,取得了可测定的成绩。
相比之下,对成长过程的测定就难得多了。因为从定义上讲,它是一次旅行,不是旅途上的某个路标或界标。过程不是道路本身,而是当人遇到新的情况或碰到意料不到的障碍时所持的态度和所具有的情感,是慎重从事还是勇气十足。在这个过程中,旅途永远没有真正的尽头;总是存在体验世界的新途径,尝试的新思路,接受的新挑战。
为了成长,探索新路,人们需心甘情愿地去冒险,乐于面对未知世界,去接受初次失败的可能性。我们在尝试新的生存方式时如何看待自己对我们能力的增长是非常重要的。我们认为自己敏捷又好奇吗?果真如此,我们会抓住更多的机会,更勇于面对陌生的经历。我们是否认为自己畏缩不前,优柔寡断。那么这种恐惧感会使我们犹豫不决,行动迟缓,直到我们确信安全可靠,才采取行动。我们是否认为自己适应或改变得很慢,或是不够精明以适应新的挑战?
如果这样,我们可能会采取更消极的态度,或者根本不去尝试。要变化,要成长,不安全感、自我怀疑的意识是需要的,也是不可避免的。如果我们不面对并克服这些内在的恐惧和疑虑,如果我们过分地保护自己,我们就停止了成长。我们就等于作茧自缚。
[A]curiosity about more chances
[B]promptness in selfadaptation
[C]openmindedness to new experiences
[D]avoidance of internal fears and doubts

Passage3
In such a changing,complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of lifes problems which were solved by asking family members,friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.
In addition to this,there is the growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ. As families move away from their stable community,their friends of many years,their extended family relationships,the informal flow of information is cut off,and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus,things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned. Adding to social changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation,and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated,timeconsuming and sometimes even overwhelming.
Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machinereadable files,and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television,radio,and very shortly electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared worldwide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information,thus making more information available to more people. In this world of change and complexity,the need for information is of greatest improtance. Those people who have accurate,reliable uptodate information to solve the daytoday problems,the critical problems of their business,social and family life,will survive and succeed. “Knowledge is power” may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.
59、The word “it” (line 3, para. 2) most probably refers to [].
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
B
[注释]从句子结构来看,AS 引导了一个原因状语从句,其中 MOVE FROM 后面有三个并列宾语,然后才是主句。主语是 INFORMAL FLOW,WITH IT 在下面一句。IT 就是指 INFORMAL FLOW。因此选[B]项。
[A]the lack of stable communities
[B]the breakdown of informal information channels
[C]the increased mobility of families
[D]the growing number of people moving from place to place
60、The main problem people may encounter today arises from the fact that [].
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
C
[注释]根据第二段内容提出的问题,可得人们的选择:获取必要信息。[C]项正确。
[A]they have to learn new things consciously
[B]they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy information
[C]they have difficulty obtaining the needed information readily
[D]they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family.
61、From the passage we can infer that [].
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
A
[注释]做这类题目,切忌自己主观推断。[B]项根据常识是正确的,但文中并没有这样说。[C]项文中没有这样说,只是提到不用离开家或到开会地点再开会或讨论问题了。[D]项与文中意思不等。[A]项文中没有直接提起,但题目是 INFER,所以[A]项为正确。
[A]electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting messages
[B]it will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in an information era
[C]people will spend less time holding meetings or conferences
[D]events will be reported on the spot mainly through satellites
62、We can learn from the last paragraph that [].
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
D
[注释][A]、[B]、[C]项与本文主旨都无关,不是作论述的重点。所以应选[D]项。
译文
在这样一个不断变化的复杂社会中,从前获取信息的简单方法变得复杂了。许多过去可以问家人、朋友或同事就能解决的生活问题现在却超出了这个大家庭的能力范围。去哪儿寻求专家信息、如何确定接受哪些专家的建议成了当今许多人面临的问题。
除此之外,二次大战以来,人口流动越来越多。随着家庭远离稳定的社区,离开了多年的朋友,脱离了大家庭的关系,日常的信息交流被切断了,需要时就可以获得可靠信息的信心也随之而去了。对于方方面面的生活中的无意的信息交流也被切断。因此,过去大家庭通过随意交流能学到的东西现在必须有意识地去学。
除了当今的社会变化之外,还有信息量大增的问题。今天,个人可获得的信息比任何一代人都多,然而,找到一条与自己问题相关的信息既复杂又耗时,有时甚至相当难。
与信息量大量增加伴随而来的是各种技术的发展。技术的发燕尾服使人们更快地储存更多的信息,把更多的信息传递到更多的地方去,这在以往是不可能的。计算机技术使人们能把大量的信息储存在机读文件中,人们通过计算机编程找到某一信息。电信技术的发展使人们可以通过电视、无线电发送信息,不久电子信件会不断地给人们送来大量信息。人造卫星开发了通讯能力,可以对事件进行现场报道。通过电话会议人们可在全球范围内分享专门知识。参加会议者不必离开家、工作岗位去遥远的会场,那些有争议的问题就可以得到解决。技术促进了信息的共享、储存和发送,因此,使更多的人可以比过运河得到更多的信息。
在这个多变和复杂的世界里,对信息的需求最为重要。那些利用准确、可靠、最新信息解决日常问题,企业的关键问题及社会与家庭问题的人就能生存下去并获得成功。“知识就是力量”是最正确不过的谚语,获取信息对所有人来说也许是最迫切的要求了。
[A]it is necessary to obtain as much knowledge as possible
[B]people should make the best use of the information accessible
[C]we should realize the importance of accumulating information
[D]it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently
Passage4
Personality is to a large extent inherent—Atype parents usually bring about Atype offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect,since if competition is important to the parents,it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A characteristics is school,which is,by its very nature,a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the “win at all costs” moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a twolayer system,in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences:remember that Pheidippides,the first marathon runner,dropped dead seconds after saying:“Rejoice, we conquer!” By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable,but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
Obviously,it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into Bs. The world needs types,and schools have an important duty to try to fit a childs personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened,more time might be spent teaching children surer values.
Perhaps selection for the caring professions,especially medicine,could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. Bs are important and should be encouraged.
63、According to the passage,Atype individuals are usually [].
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
C
[注释]做对这个题须领悟本文的意思。文中多次提及A型的人与竞争有关,而选项中与竞争最相近的词为 AGGRESSIVE。所以[C]项正确。
[A]impatient
[B]considerate
[C]aggressive
[D]agreeable
64、The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because [].
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
B
[注释]答对此题的关键是理解第三段的最后一句话,其含义是“知道肯定会有不及格而进行的竞争是有害的”。因此,[B]项正确。
[A]the pressure is too great on the students
[B]some students are bound to fail
[C]failure rates are too high
[D]the results of examinations are doubtful
65、The selection of medical professionals are currently based on [].
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
B
[注释]根据最后一段来看,作者是运用了虚拟条件句来表达自己的态度。前两句所陈述的情况与事实相反,即较少考虑学校成绩和较多考虑人的性格能力。因此,事实应是根据学校成绩来挑选。所以[B]项正确。
[A]candidates sensitivity
[B]academic achievements
[C]competitive spirit
[D]surer values
66、From the passage we can draw the conclusion that [].
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
C
[注释]只从文章第一段便可得出正确答案为[C]项,因为人的个性发展既有先天遗传因素,又有外在其他因素。译文
性格在很大程度上是先天形成的,A型性格的父母通常会有A型性格的后代。但是环境也一定有深刻的影响,因为如果竞争对父母来说很重要,那么竞争有可能成为孩子生活中的一个重要因素。
学校是培养A型孩子的地方,就其本质而言,学校是一个高度竞争的机构。许多学校采纳“不惜一切取得成功”作为道德标准,并用成败衡量孩子们是否成功。目前热衷于让孩子们与同学竞争或与时间赛跑产生了一种双重体制,在这种体制中,竞争型的A型孩子在某种程度上似乎比B型性格的学生要好。太热衷于获胜可能产生危险的后果:记住第一个跑马拉松的人费迪皮迪兹,在说完“欢呼吧,我们胜利啦”之后几秒便倒地而死。
学校里最严重的竞争形式就是不恰当地强调考试。让学生集中精力做他们能做好的事,这类学校已寥寥无几了。用考试来竞争的优点有点令人质疑,但明知失败却还要竞争是肯定有害的。
显然,把所有A型孩子变成B型孩子既不实际也不值得提倡。世界需要各种性格的人,学校的首要职责就是使孩子的性格适合未来可能从事的工作。这是最佳管理模式。
如果学校对学业的强调减少一些,或许有更多的时间教孩子们一些更有价值的东西。也入场对护理职业,特别是医学界人员的选择少侧重于化学成绩,更多考虑其敏感性及同情心会更好一些。只从A型性格的人员中挑选医生的确是个错误。B型性格的人非常重要,更应受到鼓励。
[A]the personality of a child is well established at birth
[B]family influence dominates the shaping of ones characteristics
[C]the development of ones personality is due to multiple factors
[D]Btype characteristics can find no place in a competitive society
Passage5
That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano,to recitation of a poem,and even to reading and understanding these words.Socalled intelligent behaviour demands memory,remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically,the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences.
Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten;and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet,dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive. In this sense,the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed,when ones memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety,forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless,an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.
In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects,it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time,since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out ,providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting,adaptive ability would suffer,for example,learned behaviour that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. Thus forgetting seems to serve the survival of the individual and the species.
Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view,continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output). Indeed,there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offer gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an inputoutput balance.
67、From the evolutionary point of view,[].
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
D
[注释]本题关键是弄清 EVOLUTIONARY POINT OF VIEW 指的就是与 ADAPTIVE(适应性)有关的观点。于是我们可从文中找出正确答案,即与 ADAPTIVE 有关的观点。所以[D]项正确。(在第二段第三行)。
[A]forgetting for lack of practice tends to be obviously inadaptive
[B]if a person gets very forgetful all of a sudden he must be very adaptive
[C]the gradual process of forgetting is an indication of an individuals adaptability
[D]sudden forgetting may bring about adaptive consequences
68、According to the passage,if a person never forgot,[].
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
B
[注释]根据第三段内容,很容易判断[B]项为正确答案。
[A]he would survive best
[B]he would have a lot of trouble
[C]his ability to learn would be enhanced
[D]the evolution of memory would stop
69、From the last paragraph we know that [].
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
A
[注释]第四段中将记忆看作是输入,遗忘是输出,因此[A]项:“遗忘是对学习的反应”为正确答案。
[A]forgetfulness is a response to learning
[B]the memory storage system is an exactly balanced inputoutput system
[C]memory is a compensation for forgetting
[D]the capacity of a memory storage system is limited because forgetting occurs
70、In this article,the author tries to interpret the function of [].
(本题分值:2分)
【正确答案】
B
[注释]不要被文章开头内容所迷惑,作者的思路只不过是“欲扬先抑”,先讲遗忘的对立面记忆,再讲遗忘。
译文
经历影响日后的行为这一现象表明一个明显而又卓越非凡的活动——记忆。没有普遍称之为记忆的这种功能,学习便不可能发生。不断练习对记忆有影响,可以使人们熟练演奏钢琴,背诵诗歌,甚至读懂和理解这些话。这种所谓的智力行为需要记忆,记忆是推理的首要条件。解决任何问题,甚至是识别问题存在与否都取决于记忆。通常,穿过大街也要凭借对以前许多经历的记忆。
实践(复习)往往加强和保持对某项任务或已学材料的记忆。一段时间不实践,所学的东西往往会遗忘;其适应性结果可能就不太明显。然而,戏剧性地突然遗忘的例子可被认为具有适应性。在这种意义上讲,能够遗忘可以解释为动物本身通过自然选择过程幸存下来的结果。的确,当记忆一种感情上使人痛苦的经历给人带来烦恼时,遗忘可以使人解脱。然而,进化论的解释会使人难以理解这个渐进的遗忘过程是如何经过自然选择后继续生存下来的。在考虑记忆的进化及其所有的可能方面时,考虑一下如果记忆不会消失会产生什么结果是很有用处的。显然,遗忘有助于时间的定位,因为旧的记忆淡薄,新的记忆往往就突出,这就为推定时间的持续长短提供线索。没有遗忘,适应能力就会受影响,例如,十年前也许正确的行为现在可能不再正确了。有记录表明,几乎没有遗忘的那些人,其日常活动充满了混乱。因此,遗忘似乎有助于个体及物种存活。
另一种思路认为,容量有限的记忆储存系统通过遗忘提供了适应的灵活性。根据这种观点,人们可以在学习或记忆储存(输入)及遗忘(输出)之间不断进行调整。的确,有证据表明,每个人遗忘的速度与学习东西的多少有直接的关系。这些数据为当代记忆模式——输入—输出平衡——提供了有利的证据。
[A]remembering
[B]forgetting
[C]adapting
[D]experiencing
Part Ⅳ EnglishChinese Translation(每题3分,共15分)Directions:
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.(15 points)
The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting,classifying,assigning,or promoting students,employees,and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books,magazines,the daily press,and even in Congress. (71)(The target is wrong,for in attacking the tests,critics divert attention from the fault that lies with illinformed or incompetent users.)The tests themselves are merely tools,with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions.Whether the results will be valuable,meaningless,or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.
All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades,research productivity,sales records,or whatever is appropriate. (72)(How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.)Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.
Standardized tests should be considered in this context.They provide a quick,objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned,the skills he has developed,or the kind of person he is.The information so obtained has,qualitatively,the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. (73)(Whether to use tests,other kinds of information,or both in a particular situation depends,therefore,upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.)
(74)(In general,the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.)Properly used,they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people.Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized,but there are many things they do not do. (75)(For example,they do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been,had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.)
71、72、73、74、75
(本题分值:3分)
【正确答案】
把标准化测试作为抨击的目标是错误的。因为在抨击这类测试时,批评者没有意识到其弊病来自人们对这种测试的不甚了解或使用不当。(注意:将主语The target指代的内容补充完整!)
Part Ⅴ Writing(每题15分,共15分)(15points)
76、Directions:
A Title: THE “PROJECT HOPE”
B Time limit: 40 minutes
C Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)
D Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: “Education plays a very important role in the modernization of our country.”
E. Your composition should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
OUTLINE:
1. Present situation
2. Necessity of the project
3. My suggestion
(本题分值:15分)
【正确答案】
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