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(本文作者为中公考研辅导名师——邢冉冉)
时光荏苒，转眼很多考生的考研复习的基础阶段已近尾声，开始接触题型的练习，这其中考研英语的题型很多同学最先关注也最重视的就是占据考研英语近半壁江山的传统阅读。而早年真题中的阅读理解的题型及命题思路有很大的变化，过早的真题意义已经不大。因此，同学们请跟着咱们中公考研英语老师从06年的真题开始学习传统阅读的解题思路。
【真题】
(2006年Text1) In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.” Instead of intimate shops catering to “a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background.” This turned shopping into a public and democratic act. The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.
[A] identifying
[B] associating
[C] assimilating
[D] monopolizing
【解析】答案为C。
首先判断这道题为词义句意题。找到 “homogenizing”这个单词位置(第一段第一句话)，发现 “In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.” 这句话中存在着in spite of引导的让步逻辑关系，也就是说从句和主句是让步逻辑关系，前后语义是相反相对的。从句的意思是指“尽管无休止的谈论差异性”，根据让步关系，主句部分很有可能讲的是跟“差异性”相对的概念。因此，homogenizing应该是相似性的概念。A是“识别”，B是“有联系”，C是“相似”，D是“垄断”。答案为C。
22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century ________.
[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture
[B] became intimate shops for common consumers
[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite
[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption
【解析】答案为A。
首先，识别这道题为细节题。找到题干中唯一的细节词在文章中具体位置(首段第三句)，“People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores”人们沉迷于19世纪百货商店发起的消费文化。紧接着后面出现this的第三人称指代。“This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.”这种消费文化将购物转变成一种大众的行为。A选项“在大众文化的传播中起重要作用”，B选项“成为大众消费者的私人商店”，C选项“满足了精英人士的需求”，D选项“起源于消费文化”，因果颠倒。A选项符合文中的意思。
23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.
[A] are resistant to homogenization
[B] exert a great influence on American culture
[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture
[D] constitute the majority of the population
【解析】答案为C。
首先判断出这道题为细节题。根据题文同序的原则以及题干中的细节词“immigrants”定位到第二段首句。Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.移民快速的融入大众文化，尽管没有促进文化的发展，但是对其发展也几乎没什么害处。“hardly poisonous”对应C选项的“hardly a threat”，因此答案为C选项。A“抵制同化作用”，B“对美国文化产生重大影响”，D“构成了大部分的人口”。
24. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
[A] To prove their popularity around the world.
[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.
[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.
[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.
【解析】答案为D。
首先判断这道题为例证题。定位到第五段，发现yet的转折逻辑关系，yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”然而一些美国人担心居住在美国的移民会仍然对这个国家的同化作用免疫。反之，yet前面额句子应该是表达其实美国的大众文化是有影响作用的。因此，D选项符合。同学们解这道题的关键是要记住正确答案一定是跟文章所论述的中心观点“美国大众文化对移民的同化作用”相关的。A“为了证明他们在世界范围的流行度”，跟文章中心论无关。B“揭露大众对移民的恐惧”，fear这个单词的细节拼凑。C“给出成功的移民的例子”。文章中并未提到他们二人是移民。
25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is ________.
[A] rewarding
[B] successful
[C] fruitless(B)
[D] harmful
【解析】答案为B。
首先判断出这道题为情感态度题。文章首段中用了amazing这样一个褒义词，以及最后一段里提到 “today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.” “ hardly”这个词就表明作者的态度是认为美国文化对移民的吸收是成功的。并没有产生不好的影响。因此答案为B。A“有回报的“，C“无果的”，D“有害的”。
最后，同学们，考研不是你一个人在战斗，在漫漫考研路上，中公考研的老师会一直陪伴着同学们的左右，为你们解答考研路上的各种疑惑，祝同学们考研成功!
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发表于 2016-7-25 13:40:25