从大纲微调看小作文应试策略（二）

考研网

　　第四部分 历届考研英语小作文命题趋势
　　考研英语写作部分自2005年第一次引进应用文开始，一直延续到2012年，每年考试小作文占的分值都是10分。主要考查学生撰写不同类型的包括私人和公务信件、摘要、工作报告、备忘录在内的应用文的能力。下面结合近几年的真题，逐年分析一下应用文考察的类型。
　　2005—2011小作文考察类型：
　　2005年：2005年应用文考的是一封辞职信(Letter of resignation)，情景是两个月前你得到了一份编辑工作，但是现在你发现这份工作和你预期的不一样，你决定辞职，写一封信给老板，说明理由，并且道歉。
　　2006年：2006年应用文考的是申请信(Letter of application)。情景是你希望为参与希望工程，资助一个偏远地区的儿童，要求给有关部门写申请信，请他们帮忙找到一个需要帮助的人。
　　2007年：2007年应用文考查的是公务信函建议信(Letter of suggestion)，情景是给图书馆写信，提出改善服务的建议。
　　2008年：2008年应用文考查的是给友人的写一封私人信件(Personal letter)。具体情景是误拿友人CD需要归还，题目要求是道歉和建议方面。
　　2009年：2009年的应用文考查的是公务信件建议信(Letter of suggestion)。情景是给当地媒体编辑写信，阐明对白色垃圾污染和治理措施的观点以及提出自己的建议。
　　2010年：2010年应用文考查了通知或告示(Notice)。情景是发出招募国际化会议志愿者的告示。
　　2011年：2011年应用文考查的是给友人写一封私人信件(Personal letter)。具体情景是为好友推荐一部自己喜欢的电影，并说明理由。
　　总结：2007,2009,2012考公务信件建议信 2011,2008考私人信件(Personal letter)
　　第五部分 应用文类型解析
　　一、公务信函建议信(Letter of suggestion)
　　2012年、2007年、2009年考的是公务信函建议信(Letter of suggestion)，以下分别是2012年、2009年小作文的范文。
　　2012年小作文
　　51. Directions:
　　Some internationals students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students’ Union to
　　1)extend your welcome and
　　2)provide some suggestions for their campus life here.
　　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
　　Do not write the address(10 points)
　　题目解析：这篇小作文要求给外国留学生写一封电子邮件，电子邮件中需包括两点，一个是欢迎他们，一个是提供一些在学校生活的建议和帮助。关于第二条提出一些建议，考生可以思考出一些具体内容，比如可以说到中国一些特有的文化或习惯等。写作前可列个提纲。
　　范文一
　　Dear friends：
　　On behalf of the Students’ Union, I am writing to extend my warm welcome to all the international students that are coming to our university. I firmly believe that your entering our university will bring us new ideas from different cultures and promote communication.
　　Also, we have some suggestions before you come to our university. First of all, as you all know, we have a great much free time in college and the teachers don’t oversee us strictly. Therefore, it is recommended that you can arrange your time properly. Moreover, in order to make yourselves quickly adjusted to our campus life, it would be of great help if you can learn Chinese as well as you can. Last but not the least, it is necessary to take part in some activities so that you can improve your communication abilities and expand horizon.
　　We are looking forward to seeing you soon and wish everything goes well.
　　Yours sincerely
　　Li Ming
　　解析：此范文采用的格式是齐头式。按照题目要求写出了两点内容：第一段写出第一点内容——表示欢迎(红色体部分)，第二段通过First of all，Moreover，Last but not the least分别引出第二点内容——建议，第三段表达愿望和祝福，内容全面，层次结构清晰。
　　范文二
　　Dear friends，
　　On behalf of the students’ union, I am honored to extend my sincere welcome to your coming to our school! Here are some tips for your stay here:
　　Firstly, a new subway station has been established at the east gate of our school, so it is much more convenient to come here from the airport. Secondly, please remember to bring your passport with you as you may need it to obtain some certificate papers at the beginning. Thirdly, in case of any problems, please feel free to contact the student union, we will be always there for you!
　　We are looking forward to seeing you soon.Best wishes!
　　Friendly yours,
　　Li Ming
　　解析：此范文采用的格式是折衷式。按照题目要求，本文在第一段写出了第一点内容表示欢迎，第二段通过Firstly，Secondly，Thirdly分别引出第二点内容建议，第三段表达愿望，内容全面，层次结构清晰。

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　　2009年小作文
　　51. Directions: Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution ”is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to
　　give your opinions briefly and
　　make two or three suggestions
　　You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.
　　范文一
　　Dear Editors：
　　I, as your faithful reader, am writing this letter to suggest that plastic bags should be restricted in our daily life. However, to my disappointment and sadness, I have found that disposable plastic bags are still widely used in some areas just because people are unwilling to change their old habits, thus causing their surroundings to be even worse.
　　To solve this serious problem, I would like to put forward a couple of practical suggestions. Above all, our country should establish a strong agency to limit the production of those bags and monitor the use of them. Furthermore, some other choices should be advocated to replace plastic bags with paper or bamboo ones. Finally, consumers should pay for the use of plastic bags so as to enhance their consciousness of environmental protection.
　　I really hope my suggestions would attract your due attention and receive an early reply.
　　Yours Sincerely,
　　Li Ming
　　解析：此范文采用的格式是齐头式。按照题目要求，本文在第一段表达了观点(红色体部分)，在第二段通过Above all，Furthermore，Finally提出建议，第三段表达愿望和期待回复，内容全面，层次结构清晰。
　　范文二
　　Dear Editor,
　　I am writing this letter to draw your attention on “White Pollution”. No one can avoid using plastic bags in our daily lives but too many plastic bags bring about many problems. How to solve this problem has become a hot issue among many people in recent years.
　　To address this problem, I would like to lodger several suggestions. On the one hand, the authorities should set up rules and regulations to control the productivity and circulation of the plastic bags. On the other hand, people should realize the significance of protecting our environment and not use too many plastic bags.
　　I sincerely hope that you can take my letter seriously. Thank you very much for your time and consideration.
　　Yours faithfully,
　　Li Ming
　　解析：此范文采用的格式是折衷式。按照题目要求，本文在第一段表达了观点(红色体部分)，在第二段通过on the one hand, on the other hand提出建议，第三段表达愿望和感谢，内容全面，层次结构清晰。
　　二、私人信函(Personal letter)
　　2011年、2008年考查私人信函(Personal letter)，以下分别是2011年、2008年的范文。
　　2011年小作文
　　51. Directions:
　　Write a letter to a friend of yours to
　　1) recommend one of your favorite movies and
　　2) give reasons for your recommendation
　　Your should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2
　　Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use“LI MING” instead.
　　Do not writer the address.(10 points)
　　题目解析：提示里给出了两个要点：一是推荐电影，二是给出理由。正文首段可以直奔主题，第二段讲电影的特色，即推荐理由，结束段可以再次强调自己的推荐，并提出自己的希望，比如希望对方喜欢，或者希望跟对方作进一步讨论等。
　　范文一
　　Dear my friend,
　　I am writing this letter to recommend one of my favorite movies ----“Never Giving up”to you.
　　It produces a double-edged result. For one thing, it advocates that the environmental protection is a sense of responsibility for each individual rather than the government itself. For another, it tells us that it is the spirit of persistence that could encourage us to overcome the obstacles.
　　Therefore, from my point of view, we all should learn something from this move. Waiting for your insight, I am full of expectations.
　　Sincerely yours,
　　Li Ming
　　解析：因为是私人信函，所以采用的书信格式是折衷式。按照题目要求，本文在第一段推荐了一部电影(红色体部分)，在第二段通过for one thing, for another说明推荐原因，第三段表达愿望和期待回复，内容全面，层次结构清晰。
　　范文二
　　Dear friends,
　　I'm writing to you to recommend my favorite movie “Avatar”. It is a very hot movie this year.
　　For starters, it's a great story and has a fantastic plot. This film captivated me from beginning to end. The fast-paced, exciting story line kept me on the edge of my seat all the way through. What's more, the specialeffects are breathtaking. The directing is absolutely neat. And last but not least, it's an educational movie. It teaches us about dedication, discipline, loyalty and love.
　　I am sure you will enjoy the movie.
　　Yours sincerely,
　　Li Ming
　　2008年小作文
　　51. Directions:
　　You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to
　　1)make an apology, and
　　2)suggest a solution.
　　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
　　Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
　　Do not write the address. (10 points)
　　题目解析：根据08年教育部最新大纲，考研小作文无需书写日期,段间不空行，每段首行缩进4-5个字母。称呼需要顶头写,由于题目中出现了人名，写成Dear + 人名即可。表示道歉和提出解决方法两点提纲务必写到。落款写在稿纸中间偏后的位置，Yours sincerely,或Sincerely yours，均可,注意大小写和逗号。署名要写Li Ming,不能出现自己的真实姓名。
　　范文一
　　Dear Bob,
　　I have just come back and to my surprise, I have found a music CD borrowed from you in my luggage. I am writing the letter in purpose of apologizing for my inability to return it to you.
　　There are, to my mind, several urgent measures might be taken to solve the problem. On one hand, I could deliver the CD with express mail and approximately, four days later, you would receive it. On the other hand, I would like to pay for it provided that you might agree with the idea. Once again, I am terribly sorry for any inconvenience caused.
　　Hope you can accept my apologies and send me a reply at your earliest convenience. My appreciation to you for your prompt attention is beyond words.
　　Yours sincerely,
　　Li Ming
　　(本文作者为中公考研英语名师——陈鹏)