考研英语（一）长难句解析系列——2007年完型填空

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(本文作者为中公考研辅导名师——张玉环)　
　　中公考研英语教研组的老师选了2006年The New York Times上的一篇文章，主要论述了西班牙和葡萄牙的前殖民地国家在实现了独立后，其社会在政治、经济以及文化等方面所面临的各种问题。全文中在长难句方面，难度并不大。作为2007年考研英语试卷的第一道题，句子难度适中，不会给考生造成过多理解上的困难，进而影响考试心情以至发挥不佳。但是作为考研英语的完型题目，全文中还是有一些长句需要大家认真分析和理解的，下面就其中的典型例句进行分析：
　　【典型例句1】：Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence shared the ideals of representative government, careers open to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the right to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干为many of the leaders of independence shared the ideals as the basis of society。Born in the crisis作状语，修饰主干。of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism作后置定语，修饰crisis。of representative government, careers open to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the right to private property, and a belief in the individual属于of介词短语，作为后置定语修饰ideals;其中representative government, careers open to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the right to private property, and a belief in the individual是由and连接的五个并列成分。
　　【难点点拨】：regime：政权;Iberian Colonialism：伊比利亚殖民主义;representative government：代议政府;
　　【例句释义】：出生于老旧政权与伊比利亚殖民主义的危机时期，许多独立运动领导人都将这样的理想作为社会基础：代议政府、以才取人、商贸自由、私人产权以及个人信仰。
　　【典型例句2】：Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干为Generally there was a belief。that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws是由that引导的同位语从句，解释belief;其中，sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of law是由and连接的三个并列成分。
　　【难点点拨】：sovereign：具有主权的;economically viable：经济上自给自足的;integrate：整合，使…一体;a set of：一套;
　　【例句释义】：那时都有一个普遍观念，即新国家应该是独立自主的民族国家，经济上自给自足，并由一套通用法律维护统一。
　　【典型例句3】：While most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism as the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the exclusion of other faiths.
　　【例句解析】：本句主句为some sought to end the exclusion of other faiths。While most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism as the official religion of the new states是由while引导的让步状语从句，修饰主句。
　　【难点点拨】：Catholicism：天主教;exclusion：排斥;
　　【例句释义】：虽然大多数领导人都力图将天主教继续作为官方宗教，但是仍然有一些领导人试图结束其他信仰受到排斥的现象。
　　【典型例句4】：Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much slower because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies produced.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干为Early promises came much slower。to end Indian tribute and taxes作为后置定语，修饰early promises。on people of mixed origin作为后置定语，修饰taxes。because the new nations still needed the revenue是由because引导的原因状语从句，修饰主干。such policies produced是省略that的定语从句，修饰revenue。
　　【难点点拨】：tribute：朝贡;mixed origin：混血;revenue：收入;
　　【例句释义】：某些领导人曾经承诺结束印第安人的进贡以及对混血人种进行的征税，但是这些承诺却进行得非常缓慢，因为新独立国家仍然需要这些政策所产生的收益。
　　【典型例句5】：Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was unprepared for self-rule and democracy.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干为Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears。that the mass of the population was unprepared for self-rule and democracy是由that引导的同位语从句，解释fears。
　　【难点点拨】：Egalitarian：平等主义的;sentiment：情绪;temper：缓和，调和;self-rule：自治;
　　【例句释义】：平等主义情绪经常被某些恐惧缓和了：大多数人都对自治和民主没有准备好。
　　总之，由于本文中对于后置定语、状语从句等知识点考查较多，因此大家课下需要多多复习，尤其是要弄懂其中的难点。此外，如果时间充足的话，可以多读一些外国核心期刊文章，如《经济学人》、《纽约时报》等，积累英语国家新闻中常用到的表达。