考研英语（一）长难句解析系列——2015年完型填空

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(本文作者为中公考研辅导名师——张玉环)　　
　　本文选自选自Givology上一篇名为DNA of Friendship: Study Finds We Are Genetically Linked to Our Friends的文章，主要通过一项基因学实验，表明我们在基因上与自己的朋友有着割不断的联系。全文中在长难句方面，难度并不大。作为2015年考研英语试卷的第一道题，句子难度适中，不会给考生造成过多理解上的困难，进而影响考试心情以至发挥不佳。但是作为考研英语的完型题目，全文中还是有一些长句需要大家认真分析和理解的，下面是中公考研老师就其中的典型例句进行分析：
　　【典型例句1】：That is what a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has concluded.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干为That is what a study has concluded，其中包含一个what引导的表语从句。published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a study。
　　【难点点拨】：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences：美国国家科学院院刊;
　　【例句释义】：这是一份由加州大学和耶鲁大学发表在美国国家科学院院刊上的研究所得出的结论。
　　【典型例句2】：The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted on 1932 unique subjects which compared pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干为The study is a genome-wide analysis。conducted on 1932 unique subjects是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a genome-wide analysis。which compared pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers是由which引导的定语从句，修饰a genome-wide analysis。
　　【难点点拨】：genome-wide：全组基因;subject：(调查的)对象;unrelated：无亲属关系的;
　　【例句释义】：这项研究是一项针对1932名特殊对象而进行的全组基因分析，它比较了数对无亲属关系的朋友和无血缘关系的陌生人。
　　【典型例句3】：Most people do not even know their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who resemble our kin.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干为Most people do not even know their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people，其中but连接并列的谓语部分;the people属于后置的宾语，原先位置在select之后。who resemble our kin是由who引导的定语从句，修饰the people。
　　【难点点拨】：fourth cousins：第四代表亲;resemble：类似;kin：亲属;
　　【例句释义】：大多数人即使不知道自己的第四代表亲，但仍会以某种方式试图选择那些类似亲属的人作为朋友。
　　【典型例句4】：There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that drive us in choosing genetically similar friends rather than "functional kinship" of being friends with benefits!
　　【例句解析】：本句主干为There could be many mechanisms。working in tandem是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰mechanisms。that drive us in choosing genetically similar friends rather than "functional kinship" of being friends with benefits!是由that引导的定语从句，修饰mechanisms;其中，rather than连接两个并列的名词短语，genetically similar friends和 "functional kinship" of being friends with benefits。
　　【难点点拨】：mechanism：机制;in tandem：协力地，联合地;
　　【例句释义】：会有许多协力起作用的机制，这些机制促使我们选择那些基因上相似的朋友，而非“功能性亲属关系”——因为利益而做朋友!
　　【典型例句5】：Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to see that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干为care was taken to see that all subjects were taken from the same population，其中包含一个that引导的宾语从句。friends and strangers作为同位语，解释all subjects。Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction是由though引导的让步状语从句，修饰主干。
　　【难点点拨】：extraction：出身;to see that：注意做到，设法达到;
　　【例句释义】：虽然所有实验对象都选自于欧洲人，但是科学家们十分注意，所有对象(朋友和陌生人)都是同一种人。
　　总之，由于本文中对于后置定语、状语从句等知识点考查较多，因此大家课下需要多多复习，尤其是要弄懂其中的难点。此外，如果时间充足的话，可以多读一些外国核心期刊文章，如《经济学人》、《科学美国人》等，积累英语国家新闻中常用到的表达。