考研英语(一)长难句解析系列——1999年阅读Text4

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　　文章主要讲述的是美国国家生物伦理道德顾问委员会(NBAC)就有关克隆人的国家政策所提出的建议。对于广大考生而言，题材较有趣味，但是难度较大。作为阅读的第四篇文章，在长难句方面，文章难度也略高，尤其是在第一段就出现高达67个单词的长句。重点是要对这类长难句进行断句，找到句子的主干，辨识出不同形式的定语、同位语和状语方法。下面就其中的5个句子进行详解：
　　【典型例句1】Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment—although no one had proposed to do so—and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.
　　【例句分析】本句是一个复合句，主干是he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment and asked an independent panel of experts to report back to the White House。其中and并列谓语ordered和asked，that引导宾语从句，and后使用了ask sb. to do sth.结构。Declaring that he was opposed to using … to clone humans是现在分词短语放在句首做伴随状语，其中that引导宾语从句。although no one had proposed to do so引导让步状语从句，修饰order后的宾语从句。chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro是过去分词做后置定语，修饰an independent panel of experts。in 90 days with recommendations 和for a national policy on human cloning分别是时间状语和目的状语。
　　【例句译文】他声明反对利用这种不寻常的畜牧业技术去克隆人，并下令禁止联邦资金用于此类实验——尽管还没有人提议要那样做——并要求一个以普林斯顿大学校长哈罗德·夏皮罗为首的独立专家小组，在90天内就克隆人的国家政策拿出建议，向白宫汇报。
　　【典型例句2】But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells—routine in molecular biology.
　　【例句分析】本句的主干是NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly，to avoid new restrictions on research是目的状语，that involves… biology引导定语从句，修饰research。
　　【例句译文】但是，NBAC成员们计划对此建议严谨措辞，以避免给克隆人体DNA或细胞的研究——分子生物学研究中的常规课题——带来新的限制。
　　【典型例句3】 In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning.”
　　【例句分析】本句的主干是Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus，其中that引导宾语从句。In a draft preface to the recommendations是介词短语做状语，discussed at the 17 May meeting是过去分词短语做后置定语修饰的draft。that it would be … cloning是that引导同位语从句，解释说明consensus。
　　【例句译文】在5月17日会议上讨论的建议序言草案中，夏皮罗表示，专家组已取得广泛的共识，认为“试图利用成人细胞核克隆婴儿是违背道德伦理的”。
　　【典型例句4】NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child.
　　【例句分析】本句的主干是NBAC plans to call for a continued ban。on federal government funding是介词短语做后置定语，修饰ban;for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child是介词短语做目的状语。
　　【例句译文】NBAC计划呼吁继续禁止为任何企图克隆人体细胞核去制造婴孩的做法提供联邦政府基金资助。
　　【典型例句5】But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning.
　　【例句分析】本句的主干是they were divided on whether to go further。by calling for a federal law是介词短语做方式状语，that would impose a complete ban on human cloning是that引导的定语从句，修饰law。
　　【例句译文】但是，他们在是否进一步要求联邦立法强令完全禁止克隆人这一问题上存在分歧。
　　各位同学在今后的学习中，应该加大长难句练习，以句子为单位综合掌握词汇、语法和翻译方法。此外，如果时间充足的话，可以多读一些外国核心期刊文章，如《经济学人》、《华盛顿邮报》和《时代周刊》等，积累英语国家新闻中的常用表达。
　　　　(本文作者为中公考研英语辅导名师——申虹)