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本文选自Newsweek(《新闻周刊》),原文标题是The Best Health Care Goes Only So Far(最好的医疗保健也只能到此为止)。文章主要讲述的是“花费大量财力去延缓自然死亡是否值得”这一问题。对于广大考生而言,题材属于生活范围。在长难句方面,文章难度也略低,并没有复杂的长句,重点是辨识出不同形式的定语、同位语和状语。下面就其中的5个句子进行详解:
【典型例句1】Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago.
【例句分析】本句是一个复合句,主干是Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life,offer sb. sth.是双宾语结构。that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago是that引导的定语从句,其中包含when引导的时间状语从句。
【例句译文】这些进步提供给老龄人口高质量的生活,在我50年前进入医疗行业时,这种生活是不可想象的。
【典型例句2】 But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.
【例句分析】本句是一个并列句,分句1中,主干是a great health-care system can cure death,分句2 中主干是our failure threatens this greatness of ours,to confront that reality是动词不定式短语做后置定语,修饰failure。
【难点点拨】分句1中,否定词not实际上是修饰句子的谓语can cure,提前是为了强调作者的否定语气“即便伟大的医疗体系也无法治疗死亡”;破折号后面的分句2中的that reality指的是第一个分句的内容,ours是名词性物主代词,指的是our health-care system。
【例句译文】但是,即使伟大的医疗体系也无法治疗死亡——并且,我们不能面对那种现实的失败现在正危及这我们医疗体系的伟大。
【典型例句3】Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless.
【例句分析】本句的主干是we demand everything。Shielded…of our care是过去分词做原因状语,that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless是that引导的定语从句,修饰everything;其中包含even if引导的状语从句。
【例句译文】由于医疗费用由第三方支付,我们便要求用尽一切可能的医疗手段,即使它们毫无作用。
【典型例句4】Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.
【例句分析】本句的主干是Physicians too often offer aggressive treatment。frustrated by their inability to cure the disease 和fearing loss of hope in the patient分别是过去分词和现在分词短语做后置定语,修饰physicians;far beyond what is scientifically justified是介词结构做后置定语,修饰treatment,其中包含what引导的宾语从句。
【例句译文】医生由于不能治愈这种疾病而感到沮丧,同时又担心病人失去希望,他们常常采用极端大胆的治疗方法,这些方法远远超出了科学能够认同的界限。
【典型例句5】These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age.
【例句分析】本句的主干是These leaders are living proof,that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age中,第一个that和第二个that引导两个同位语从句,由and并列。在第二个同位语从句中,包含that引导的定语从句,修饰health problems。
【例句译文】这些领导人就是活生生的证据,证明对疾病的防治是有效的,证明我们能够对付随着年龄自然而来的健康问题。
综上所述,这篇文章的难点在于定语、同位语和状语的识别,尤其是短语做定语是重难点。因此大家在今后的学习中,各位考生应该加大长难句练习,以句子为单位综合掌握词汇、语法和翻译方法。此外,如果时间充足的话,可以多读一些外国核心期刊文章,如《美国新闻与世界报道》、《经济学人》等,积累英语国家新闻中常用到的表达。
(本文作者为中公考研英语指导老师—申虹)
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