考研英语（一）长难句解析系列——2003年完型

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　　文章主要讲述了教师们应当如何策划组织活动以帮助青少年适应成长时期所经历的变化。对于广大考生而言，题材贴近生活，较有趣味，但是在长难句方面，从句嵌套使用，难度略高，而且设空较多，因此造成较大的困难。下面就其中的5个句子进行详解：
　　【典型例句1】Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others.
　　【例句分析】本句是一个复合句，主干是teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence。Because引导原因状语从句，其中and并列两个宾语——their new bodies和a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges;that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others是定语从句，修饰先行词confident，其中that their accomplishments are admired by others是that引导的宾语从句。
　　【难点点拨】“a host of”意为“一大群，好些”
　　【例句译文】因为青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的许多新挑战，所以他们的自我意识很强，并且需要得到自信，这些自信来源于获得成功、知道自己的成就得到他人的赞赏。
　　【典型例句2】However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.
　　【例句分析】本句是含有so…that…引导的结果状语从句，that从句中it是形式主语，真正主语是to plan activities。in which there are more winners than losers是定语从句，修饰先行词activities;for example publishing … reviews, displaying … artwork, and sponsoring … clubs是三个并列的动名词短语做同位语，以举例的形式解释说明activities。
　　【难点点拨】“newsletter”意为“(某组织的)内部通讯，简讯”;“sponsor ”意为“主办，举办”。
　　【例句译文】然而，典型的青少年生活中已经充满了如此之多的竞争，以至于明智之举是策划一些胜者多败者少的活动，比如：出版有许多学生撰写书评的通讯，展示学生的艺术作品，组织读书研讨俱乐部等。
　　【典型例句3】Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the security of some kind of organization with a supportive adult barely visible in the background.
　　【例句分析】本句一个并列句，分句1中making friends是动名词短语做主语;分句2中主干是many shy students need the security of some kind of organization，with a supportive adult barely visible in the background是“with + sb. +形容词做宾补”的结构做伴随状语。
　　【例句译文】交友对青少年极为重要，许多腼腆的学生需要某种社团所提供的安全感。在这个社团里，成人提供的支持处于几乎看不见的隐蔽地位。
　　【典型例句4】A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down.
　　【例句分析】本句是一个复合句，主干是A variety of activities should be organized。so that participants can remain active…down是so that引导的目的状语从句，without feeling guilty和without letting the other participants down是并列结构作为伴随状语。
　　【例句译文】应该组织各种各样的活动，以便让参加者保持像他们想要的那样长的积极性，然后继续参与其他的某种活动，而不会感到内疚，也不会让其他参与者失望。
　　【典型例句5】On the contrary, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by planning for roles that are within their capabilities and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.
　　【例句分析】本句的主干是they can help students acquire a sense of commitment。by planning for roles that are within their capabilities and their attention spans和by having clearly stated rules是并列的介词结构做方式状语，其中包括that引导的定语从句，修饰roles。
　　【例句译文】相反，他们(成人)可以通过策划一些在学生能力和其注意力持续时间之内的角色，并通过制定清楚明白的活动规则来帮助学生获得责任感。
　　综上所述，这篇文章的难点在于并列结构、定语从句和状语从句，因此大家在今后的学习中，各位考生应该加大长难句练习，以句子为单位综合掌握词汇、语法和翻译方法。此外，如果时间充足的话，可以多读一些外国核心期刊文章，如《美国新闻与世界报道》、《经济学人》等，积累英语国家新闻中常用到的表达。
　　(本文作者为中公考研英语指导老师—申虹)