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考研英语(一)长难句解析系列——2003年翻译

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发表于 2016-7-25 13:22:47 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  本文主要讨论了人类学这一学科,介绍了它的起源、与社会学的关系,并最后指明其核心在于“文化”抽象概念。作为2003年考研英语试卷的翻译题,句子难度必然会较前面题型有所提升,尤其是文中所划出并要求翻译的五个句子,无论是在分析理解还是翻译成汉语上,都存在一定难度。但是这篇真题距离现在也已有十多年,与最近的真题相比,难度还是相对较小的。下面就其中划线句子之外的典型例句进行分析:
  【典型例句1】:Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
  【例句解析】:本句主干为Therefore, it is important to study humans。in all their richness and diversity是限制状语,修饰主干。in a calm and systematic manner是方式状语,修饰主干。with the hope是伴随状语,修饰主干。that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth是that引导的同位语从句,解释hope;其中resulting from such studies是现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰knowledge;of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth是后置定语,修饰a more harmonious way。
  【难点点拨】:systematic:系统的;
  【例句释义】:因此,非常重要的是以一种冷静且系统的方式研究人类的丰富性和多样性,并希望源自于这些研究的知识可以使人类以一种更为和谐的方式生活在一起,且与地球上的其它物种和谐共处 。
  【典型例句2】:Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
  【例句解析】:本句主干为Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization。which lies particularly close to anthropology是which引导的定语从句,修饰subfield or specialization。
  【难点点拨】:subfield:分支学科;specialization:专业学科;anthropology:人类学;
  【例句释义】:每一个这样的社会科学都包含一个与人类学紧密相关的分支或专业。
  【典型例句3】:Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.
  【例句解析】:本句主干为Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline。which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis是which引导的定语从句,修饰discipline。
  【难点点拨】:field-study:实地研究;oriented:导向的;discipline:学科;extensive:广泛的,大量的;
  【例句释义】:人类学是一门以实地研究为导向的学科,它在分析中使用了大量的比较方法。
  【典型例句4】:This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life.
  【例句解析】:本句主干为This insight opened up an entirely new way。so profound in its simplicity是形容词短语作后置定语,修饰insight。of perceiving and understanding human life是介词短语作后置定语,修饰way。
  【难点点拨】:insight:深刻见解;perceive:理解,认识;
  【例句释义】:这一简洁又深含寓意的见解,开创了一种全新的认识和理解人类生活的方式。
  【典型例句5】:Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.
  【例句解析】:本句主干为Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept,属于全部倒装结构。that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior是that引导的同位语从句,解释concept。
  【难点点拨】:implicit:含蓄的,暗示的;
  【例句释义】:泰勒的定义中还暗含了这样一个概念:文化是一种习得的、共有的且模式化的行为。
  总之,由于本文中对于定语后置、定语从句、状语等知识点考查较多,因此对此大家课下需要多多复习。此外,如果时间充足的话,可以多读一些地地道道的外国文章,如《经济学人》等,积累英语国家的常用表达。
  (本文作者为中公考研英语指导老师—张玉环)
  
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