考研英语（一）长难句解析系列——2005年阅读Text1

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　　本文选自The Economics，原文标题是Fair and Square(公平与公正)。文章主要讲述的是猴子也有公平意识这一奇特现象。对于广大考生而言，题材贴近生活，较有趣味，难度较小。作为阅读的第一篇文章，在长难句方面，文章难度也略低，重点是要对长难句进行断句，找到句子的主干，辨识出不同形式的定语、同位语和状语方法。下面就其中的5个句子进行详解：
　　【典型例句1】Such behavior is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
　　【例句分析】本句是一个复合句，主干是Such behavior is regarded as “all too human,”，with the underlying …grievance 是伴随状语，that引导同位语从句，解释说明idea。
　　【难点点拨】“all too human”本意是“太人性，太具有人的特点”，引申为“人之常情”。
　　【例句译文】人们把这种行为认为是“人之常情”，它潜在的假设是：其他的动物不具有这种敏锐的不满意识。
　　【典型例句2】But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.
　　【例句分析】本句的主干是a study suggests that it all too monkey，其中 that it all too monkey是宾语从句。by … Georgia是后置定语，修饰study;which has just been published in Nature是定语从句，修饰study。
　　【例句译文】但是，佐治亚州亚特兰大埃默里大学的萨拉·布鲁斯南和弗兰斯·德·瓦尔做了一项研究表明这也是“猴之常情”，这项研究刚刚发表在《自然》杂志上。
　　【典型例句3】However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behavior became markedly different.
　　【例句分析】本句的主干是their behavior became markedly different，when … chambers是when引导的时间状语从句，so that … for its rock是so that引导的结果状语从句，其中包含what引导的宾语从句。
　　【例句译文】然而，当两只猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的房间里，以便它们能够看到彼此用石块换取的东西时，它们的行为就会变得明显不同了。
　　【典型例句4】And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.
　　【例句分析】本句的主干是the other either…or…，是either…or…(“或者……或者……”，“不是……就是……”)的并列结构。if …at all是if引导的条件状语从句。
　　【例句译文】并且如果一只猴子根本无需提供代币作为交换就获得一颗葡萄，另一只猴子不是把代币砸向研究人员或扔出房间，就是拒绝接受那片黄瓜。
　　【典型例句5】However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
　　【例句分析】本句的主干是whether…or whether is an unanswered question，主语部分是or连接的两个whether引导的主语从句;第一个whether中，such a sense of fairness是主语， evolved in capuchins and humans 是谓宾部分，independently是状语;第二个whether中，it stems from the common ancestor是主干，it指代a sense of fairness，that the species had 35 million years ago是that引导的定语从句，修饰common ancestor。
　　【例句译文】然而，这种公平感是从卷尾猴和人类身上各自演化而来，还是来源于3500万年前物种拥有的共同祖先，这是一个至今仍未回答的问题。
　　综上所述，这篇文章的难点在于定语从句和状语从句，因此大家在今后的学习中，各位考生应该加大长难句练习，以句子为单位综合掌握词汇、语法和翻译方法。此外，如果时间充足的话，可以多读一些外国核心期刊文章，如《美国新闻与世界报道》、《经济学人》等，积累英语国家新闻中常用到的表达。
　　(本文作者为中公考研英语指导老师—申虹)