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本篇文章的主要话题是美国的知识分子被他们所处的社会排斥且不被重视,而这种情况并不属实。全文从长难度角度而言,5个翻译的句子难度较大,考查地语法知识较多,需要同学们细心理解。下面就其中5个考题做具体分析:
【典型例句1】:I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.
【例句解析】:本句中,主干部分“I shall define him as an individual”;其后有who引导的定语从句修饰主干的宾语individual;其中who在引导的定语从句中作主语,谓宾部分:elected sth as sth, 谓语elected之后的宾语部分“the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems”被后置了,其中in Socratic(苏格拉底) way是介词短语作方式状语修饰thinking;as是介词“作为”的意思,其后的宾语his primary duty and pleasure in life
【难点点拨】:define sb as sb: 把某人定义为…; elected sth as sth: 选择…作为…
primary: adj. 主要的,重要的;
【例句释义】:我把他定义为这样一种人:他选择用苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题的活动作为他生活中的主要职责和乐趣。
【典型例句2】:His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
【例句解析】:本句中,句子主干“His function is analogous to that of a judge”,逗号之后是who引导的非限制性定语从句修饰 a judge,其中who在定语从句中作主语,从句的谓语是must accept,宾语部分是the obligation…reasoning,其中of revealing…decision是of短语作后置定语修饰the obligation;in as obvious a manner as possible是介词短语引导的方式状语修饰revealing;which引导的定语从句修饰reasoning
【难点点拨】:be analogous to: 类似于…;obligation: n. 职责;reveal:v. 展现,显示
【例句释义】:他的主要功能类似于法官,法官必须承担这样的职责:用一种尽可能明了的方式展现他做出决定的推理的过程。
【典型例句3】:I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
【例句解析】:本句中,句子主干I have excluded him;其后because引导原因状语从句,其中从句中又有while引导的让步状语从句,而从句的主干是第二个逗号之后的句子. 首先,先看while引导的从句,while在句首表示“虽然,尽管”,从句的主语是his accomplishments,谓语may contribute to,宾语the solution of moral problems;再看主干部分中,主语he,谓语has not been charged with,宾语the task;宾语之后有两个of 短语作后置定语对其修饰。
【难点点拨】:excluded:v. 排除,不把…考虑在内;him:代词,指代上文的“average scientist”:普通科学家; contribute to:有利于,促进;
be charged with: 承担;not... any but...:相当于 only,意为“仅仅”,其实可以这样理解:he has been charged with the task of not approaching any but ...,将not置于谓语前是否定转移的现象。
【例句释义】:我之所以把普通科学家排除在外,是因为虽然他的成就可能有助于解决道德问题,但他承担的任务只是触及了这些问题的实际层面。
【典型例句4】:But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
【例句解析】:根据第二个逗号此句可以分为两部分。逗号之前是but引导的并列句,逗号之后是any more than引导的比较状语从句。首先,在第一个并列句中,主语his primary task,系动词 is not,表语是to think about the moral code,之后有which引导的非限制定语从句修饰 the moral code;比较状语从句中,主语a businessman,谓语is expected,宾语是最后的 to do不定式
【难点点拨】: code n. 准则;govern v. 控制, 约束;not…any more than: 既不…更不 dedicate to: 致力于…;rules of conduct:行为准则;
【例句释义】: 但普通科学家的主要任务并非是思考约束他行为活动的道德准则,正如我们不能期待商人致力于探索商业中的行为准则一样。
【典型例句5】:They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.
【例句解析】:本句中,第一个逗号之前是句子主干,逗号之后是but连接的并列句. 句子主干中主语They,谓语可以看成and 连接的两部分,第一部分may teach,very well是状语修饰谓语动词;谓语的第二部分earn,其中more than修饰谓语,宾语their salaries;
but连接的并列句中,主语 most of them,谓语make,宾语little or no independent reflections,其后on引导的介词短语“on human problems which involve moral judgment”作后置定语修饰宾语;而介词短语中又有which引导的定语从句修饰human problems
【难点点拨】:they: 代词,指代的是教师;more than:不仅仅是;
reflections:n. 反思,思索;involve: v. 涉及到
【例句释义】:教师可能教书非常好,而且不仅仅是为了教书谋生。但是他们中的大多数人在涉及到道德判断的人类问题上没有或很少做出独立的反思。
总结:全文长难句较多,而且文章内容理解起来也很抽象,对考生的词汇,尤其是长难句的分析能力要求较高。但对于翻译题目,最重要的还是采点得分。划分长难句的结构,找到采分点是非常关键的一步,也是确保译文完整准确的前提。同时,在涉及到定语从句,of介词短语作后置定语的翻译时,要灵活运用翻译的技巧,使译文表达通顺、流利。总之,考研英语的翻译题目难度都比较大,但掌握相应的得分和翻译技巧,想拿高分并非什么难事!
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(本文作者为中公考研英语指导老师—袁舒增) |
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