2016考研英语（一）长难句解析—2006年新题型

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　　本文选自2002年Newsweek上一篇名为Electronic Morphine的文章，主要通过威廉姆斯沉迷于赌博这一案例引出了美国的赌博问题，并分析了其愈演愈烈的主要原因。全文中在长难句方面，难度还是较大的。作为2006年的新题型，其中的复杂句不算少，句子较长且语法现象较多，因此给考生们造成了理解上的困难。下面就其中的典型例句进行分析：
　　【典型例句1】：The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a Fun Card, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干为The casino issued to him a Fun Card，属于双宾语句型，其中a Fun Card是后置的直接宾语。as a good customer作原因状语，修饰主干。which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities是由which引导的定语从句，修饰a Fun Card;其中when used in the casino是由when引导的时间状语从句，省略主语，修饰定语从句。
　　【难点点拨】：casino：赌场;issue：发行;Fun Card：游乐卡;gambling：赌博;
　　【例句释义】：赌场因他是一个好顾客而发给他一张“游乐卡”。在赌场内使用时，此卡可以积分以换取食品和饮料，并使赌场跟踪使用者的赌博活动。
　　【典型例句2】：Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干为the letter said that he would have to present medical/psychological information，其中包含一个that引导的宾语从句。Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behaviors是现在分词短语作原因状语，修饰主干。before being readmitted to the casino是由before引导的时间状语从句，省略主语，修饰宾语从句that he would have to present medical/psychological information。demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰medical/psychological information;其中包含一个that引导的宾语从句。
　　【难点点拨】：note：注意到，鉴于;problem：成为问题的，难处理的;patronize：惠顾，光顾;
　　【例句释义】：鉴于此种已成问题的赌博行为的“医学和心理学”性质，信中表示：在被允许再次进入赌场之前，他将必须出示能够证明光顾赌场不会威胁其安全和健康的医学和心理学资料。
　　【典型例句3】：The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干为The fourth edition says “pathological gambling” involves pursuit，其中包含了一个省略that的宾语从句“pathological gambling” involves pursuit。of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders是介词短语作后置定语，修饰The fourth edition。persistent, recurring and uncontrollable是由and连接的三个并列的形容词作前置定语修饰pursuit。less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall是由less…than…连接的两个of介词短语，构成比较结构;此外这两个介词短语又都作后置定语修饰pursuit.
　　【难点点拨】：manual：手册，指南;pathological：病态的，病理性的;recurring：反复的，复发的;thrill：刺激;in quest of：为了追求…;windfall：意外之财，横财;
　　【例句释义】：《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第四版写到：“病理性赌博”是一种持续、反复且难以控制的行为，与其说是追求金钱，不如说是追求冒险博取横财的刺激。
　　【典型例句4】：It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干为It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems，其中it是形式主语，而that引导真正的主语从句。often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will是现在分词短语作伴随状语，修饰主语从句;其中what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will是由what引导宾语从句，作defining的宾语，在此属宾语后置。
　　【难点点拨】：worrisome：令人担心的;medicalize：用医学方法处理;stern：严厉的;
　　【例句释义】：令人担心的是，社会正在用医学方法处理越来越多的行为问题，经常把更为严厉的前几代人称之为意志薄弱的行为定义为上瘾。
　　【典型例句5】：Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干为society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders，其中包含一个what引导的宾语从句 what once were considered character flaws or moral failings。
　　【难点点拨】：reclassify：重新分类;character flaw：性格缺陷;moral failing：道德缺失;personality disorder：人格障碍;akin：近似的;Pushed by science, or what claims to be science是过去分词短语作原因状语，修饰主干;其中包含一个what引导的宾语从句作介词by的宾语。akin to physical disabilities是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰personality disorders。
　　【例句释义】：在科学或所谓的科学的推动下，社会正对曾被视为性格缺陷或道德缺失的东西进行重新归类，将之当作类似于身体残疾的人格障碍。
　　总之，由于本文中对于后置定语、状语、定语从句、宾语从句等知识点的考查较多，因此大家课下需要多多复习，尤其是要弄懂其中的难点。此外，如果时间充足的话，可以多读一些外国核心期刊文章，如《经济学人》、《新闻周刊》等，积累英语国家新闻中常用到的表达。
　　2016年考研复习即将进入暑期强化阶段，希望考生能够抓住假期，高效备考。中公考研特为广大学子推出2016考研半年集训、暑期集训、精品网课、vip1对1、系列备考专题，针对每一个科目要点进行深入的指导分析，欢迎各位考生了解咨询。同时，中公考研还推出了考研直播课堂，足不出户就可以边听课边学习，为大家的强化复习助力！
　　(本文作者为中公考研英语指导老师—张玉环)