|
本篇文章属于社会经济类话题,关系到美国家庭的民生问题。文章的第一段提出论点,即美国的中产阶级家庭将面临越来越多的经济风险,中间两段展开详细论证,最后一段作者预测了未来的风险。全文从长难度角度而言,难度较大,句子结构比较复杂,需要认真分析句子结构,熟悉相应的词汇,才能掌握文章的中心。下面就其中5个比较典型的句子做具体分析:
【典型例句1】:During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.
【例句解析】:本句的主干结构是主谓,主语the American middle-class family,谓语是has been transformed;其中主语之后有that引导的定语从句that once could count on hard work and fair play对其修饰, to keep itself financially secure是定语从句中的目的状语;by economic risk and new realities, 是介词短语作方式状语,修饰has been transformed.
【难点点拨】:the past generation:上一代 ;middle-class family:中产阶级家庭;
count on:依靠;fair play: 公平竞争; new realities: 新的现实问题
transform: 根据词根词缀,前缀trans-,“变化,改变”,form:“形式”
形式上的改变即“转变”之意。
【例句释义】:在过去的一代,美国的中产阶级家庭可以依靠勤奋工作和公平竞争保证自己在经济上无忧患,然而新的经济风险和现实问题使这种情况发生了转变。
【典型例句2】:Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well.
【例句解析】:本句中,主干结构是主谓宾,主语Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes;谓语是have debated;宾语the social implications of these changes;逗号之后是but引导的并列句,表示转折,其中主语是few,理解为“几乎没人”,与主句的主语形成对比;谓语have looked at;宾语the side effect;冒号之后是同位语从句,起到解释说明的作用,其中从句的主语 family risk,谓语has risen,rise是不及物动词
【难点点拨】: stripes: 条纹;(人的)类型;social implications:社会含义;
side effect: 副作用或消极的影响;
【例句释义】:学者、政策制定者以及各种各样的批评家已经争论这些变化的社会含义,但是却很少有人考虑其消极影响:中产阶级家庭面临的风险也提升了。
【典型例句3】:For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.
【例句解析】:本句中,句首for引导时间状语,表示一段时间;第一个逗号之后是句子主干,主语President Bush,谓语campaigned,宾语是to move Social Security to a savings-account model;第二个逗号之后是介词with引导的独立成分,作伴随状语;trade sth for sth:用...交换...;其中第二个payments之后由depending on investment returns现在分词短语作后置定语来修饰,可以理解为“依靠投资收益的回报”
【难点点拨】:campaigned to:发起...行动,致力于...;savings-account:储蓄账户;
Social Security:社会保障金;retirees:退休工人
guaranteed payments:保底退休金(薪酬)
【例句释义】:在过去一年的大部分时间里,布什总统致力于将社会保障金推广成储蓄账户模式,让退休工人把自己大部分或全部的保底退休金交换成依靠投资回报的收益。
【典型例句4】:Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen—and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare.
【例句解析】:本句中,句子主语是由Both ...and...连接起来的两个名词短语,第一个是the absolute cost of healthcare,第二个是the share of it borne by families,其中it代指的是第一个名词短语:“医疗保健的绝对成本”;破折号之后是and连接的并列句,其中主语newly fashionable health-savings plans,谓语are spreading from,宾语legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers;逗号之后是with引导的独立成分,作伴随状语,可以分为由and连接的两部分来看,第一部分much higher deductibles,第二部分a large new dose of investment risk;
【难点点拨】: the absolute cost of healthcare:医疗保健的绝对成本(经济学名词);
share:份额;borne by: 由...承担; health-savings plans:健康储蓄计划;
spread from...to...:从...蔓延到...; legislative halls: 立法机构;
higher deductibles:较高的自付额;a large dose of: 大量的...
【例句释义】: 医疗保健的绝对成本和由家庭承担的份额都增加了。而且新兴的健康储蓄计划正在从立法机构蔓延到普通的沃尔玛职员那里,给家庭以后的医疗保健带来较高的自付额和大量的投资风险。
【典型例句5】:From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.
【例句解析】:本句中,句子主干是主谓宾,但由于逗号的原因,句子的难度加大了。首先,第一个逗号之前是From引导的一个介词短语作状语;“much of this”是句子的主语;understandably是一个副词作状语;之后就是谓语部分looks,far less like修饰谓语looks,理解为“看起来并非是...”; 宾语an opportunity,其后的“to exercise more financial responsibility”是不定式作后置定语修饰宾语an opportunity;第四个逗号之后的and连接第二个比较级“a good deal more like”修饰谓语looks,理解为“看起来更像是...”; 宾语a frightening acceleration,其后有两个of引导的介词短语对其修饰。
【难点点拨】:understandably: 合乎情理地,可以理解地;
exercise responsibility: 承担责任;frightening acceleration:恶化过程;
wholesale shift onto...:大规模转移到...上;onto:prep. 到...上面,朝向...;
overburdened: adj. 负担过重的
【例句释义】:从中产阶级家庭的立场来看,大部分的情况看起来并非是一个承担更多经济责任的机会,而更像是经济风险大规模转移到他们已经不堪重负肩膀上的恶化过程,这样理解是合乎情理地。
总结:社会经济类话题的文章在考研英语阅读中,一般都比较难理解。本文围绕着一个话题展开,文章结构比较清晰,但由于句子比较长,结构复杂,因此理解起来难度较大。在阅读此类文章时,需要认真分析长句的结构,弄清楚每一部分的意思,才能看懂后面的题目。对于这类文章,话题内容稍微枯燥一些,加上句子比较难,同学们一定要做到耐心和悉心理解文章。
(本文作者为中公考研英语指导老师—袁舒增) |
|