考研英语（一）长难句解析系列—2010年完型

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本文选自2009年6月6日The Economist上一篇名为Questioning the Hawthorne effect的文章，主要讨论了“霍桑效应”这一经典理论，介绍了它的产生背景并对其进行批判：指出其不合理性。全文中在长难句方面，难度不是很大。作为2010年考研英语试卷的第一道题，句子难度适中，不会给考生造成过多理解上的困难，进而影响考试心情以至发挥不佳。但是作为考研英语的完型题目，全文中还是有一些长句需要大家认真分析和理解的，下面就其中的典型例句进行分析：
　　【典型例句1】：In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干成分为America’s National Research Council sent two engineers。to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago是不定式短语作目的状语修饰主干;其中at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago又是介词短语作后置定语修饰a series of experiments;而called the Hawthorne Plant 和near Chicago又分别是过去分词短语和介词短语，都作后置定语修饰factory。
　　【难点点拨】：send：派遣;supervise：指导;telephone-parts：手机零件。
　　【例句释义】：1924年美国国家研究委员会派遣两名工程师去指导在芝加哥附加一家名为霍桑工厂的手机零部件工厂所进行的一系列实验。
　　【典型例句2】：Instead, the studies ended up giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干成分为the studies ended up giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect” 。the extremely influential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior是名词短语作同位语解释说明“Hawthorne effect”;而其中that the very act of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior又是that引导的同位语从句解释说明idea。
　　【难点点拨】：end up doing：以……结束;give their name to：被命名为;be experimented upon：被进行试验;subject：受试者。
　　【例句释义】：然而，这些研究以被命名为“霍桑效应”收场，这个极富影响力的结论认为：恰恰是被进行实验这一行动就可以改变受试者的行为。
　　【典型例句3】：Contrary to the descriptions on record, no systematic evidence was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.
　　【例句解析】：本句主句为no systematic evidence was found。Contrary to the descriptions on record是形容词短语作比较状语，修饰主句。that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting是that引导的同位语从句解释说明systematic evidence的内容。
　　【难点点拨】：on record：记录在案的;
　　【例句释义】：与记录在案的描述相反，他们并没有发现任何有关于产量水平与灯光变化相关的系统证据。
　　【典型例句4】：However, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays.
　　【例句解析】：本句主句的主干成分为a comparison showed that output always went up on Mondays，其中包含一个that引导的宾语从句that output always went up on Mondays。with data for weeks when there was no experimentation是with介词短语作后置定语修饰comparison;其中for weeks when there was no experimentation又是for介词短语作后置定语修饰data;而when there was no experimentation又是when引导的定语从句修饰weeks。
　　【难点点拨】：experimentation：实验;go up：增长。
　　【例句释义】：然而，通过对未进行实验的数周进行数据比较，他们发现产量在周一总会上升。
　　【典型例句5】：Workers tended to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before hitting a plateau and then slackening off.
　　【例句解析】：本句主干成分为Workers tended to be diligent。for the first few days of the week是介词短语作时间状语，修饰主干。in any case是介词短语作让步状语，修饰主干。before hitting a plateau and then slackening off是由and连接的两个并列的动名词短语，作介词before的宾语，而整个的before介词短语又作时间状语修饰主干。
　　【难点点拨】：in any case：无论如何;hit a plateau：进入稳定期;slacken off：松懈，放慢。
　　【例句释义】：无论如何，在进入平稳期然后松懈之前，工人都倾向于在每周的前几天勤奋工作。
　　总之，由于本文中对于后置定语、定语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句等知识点考查较多，因此大家课下需要多多复习，尤其是要弄懂其中的难点。此外，如果时间充足的话，可以多读一些外国核心期刊文章，如《经济学人》、《科学美国人》等，积累英语国家新闻中常用到的表达。
　　(本文作者为中公考研英语指导老师—张玉环)
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