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本文选自2012年4月11日The Guardian上一篇名为How brain training can make you significantly smarter的文章,主要通过人到中年、记忆减退这一非常普遍但又有害的现象,引出主题:通过大脑训练保持其敏锐性,并介绍了与之相关的一个网络思维锻炼程序。全文中在长难句方面,难度不是很大。作为2014年考研英语试卷的第一道题,句子难度适中,不会给考生造成过多理解上的困难,进而影响考试心情以至发挥不佳。但是作为考研英语的完型题目,全文中还是有一些长句需要大家认真分析和理解的,下面就其中的典型例句进行分析:
【典型例句1】:As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be.
【例句解析】: 本句主干为they often start to notice +that从句。As many people hit middle age中,as引导伴随状语从句修饰主句。that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be中,that引导宾语从句作notice的宾语;what引导表语从句,系动词为are。
【难点点拨】:hit middle age:到了中年; mental clarity:头脑清晰度;
【例句释义】:当许多人到了中年时,他们经常开始发现自己的记忆力以及头脑清晰度大不如从前。
【典型例句2】:It turns out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions.
【例句解析】:本句主干为it turns out + that从句,其中it作形式主语,that引导真正的主语从句。 that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions中,and连接两个并列的句子作为that引导的从句:the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do中包括 in much the same way引导的比较状语从句,do代替前面的need exercise。
【难点点拨】:turns out:被发现是…;workout:锻炼;cognitive function:认知功能。
【例句释义】:人们发现大脑需要锻炼,正如肌肉也需要锻炼一样,而且正确的脑力锻炼能极大提高我们的基本认知功能。
【典型例句3】:To a certain extent, our ability to excel in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited.
【例句解析】: 本句主干为our ability is inherited。To a certain extent,作程度状语,修饰主干。to excel in making the connections that drive intelligence是不定式短语,作后置定语修饰ability;其中that又引导定语从句修饰connections。
【难点点拨】:excel in:非常擅长; drive intelligence:开发智力。
【例句释义】: 在一定程度上,我们擅长建立能够开发智力的联系,这种能力是通过继承得到的。
【典型例句4】:Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step further and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental sharpness.
【例句解析】:本句主干为 a company has taken it a step further and developed the first “brain training program”,由and连接两个谓语动词:take和develop。designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental sharpness是过去分词短语,作后置定语修饰“brain training program”。
【难点点拨】:take it a step further:向前迈了一步;program:程序;mental sharpness:思维敏锐度。
【例句释义】: 现在,一个基于网络的新公司已经向前迈了一步,开发出了第一个“大脑训练程序”,用来真正地帮助人们改善并重新获得思维敏锐度。
【典型例句5】:Most importantly, it constantly modifies and enhances the games you play to build on the strengths you are developing—much like an effective exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.
【例句解析】:本句主干为it constantly modifies and enhances the games。Most importantly中,副词作主句状语。You play,定语从句,省略引导词,修饰games。to build on the strengths you are developing中,不定式作目的状语,修饰主干;其中you are developing是定语从句,省略引导词,修饰strengths。much like an effective exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use中,是由much like 引导的比较状语从句,破折号与之前衔接,对之进行解释和说明。
【难点点拨】:modify:修正;build on:扩张;exercise routine:常规锻炼;resistance:阻力。
【例句释义】:最为重要的是,它不断修正和增强你所锻炼的项目,来提高正在开发的智力。这很像一个有效的常规锻炼需要你增加阻力并改变肌肉使用方式。
总之,由于本文中对于形式主语、后置定语、定语从句、状语从句、不定式作目的状语等知识点考查较多,因此大家课下需要多多复习,尤其是要弄懂其中的难点。此外,如果时间充足的话,可以多读一些外国核心期刊文章,如《经济学人》、《卫报》等,积累英语国家新闻中常用到的表达。
(本文作者为中公考研英语指导名师——张玉环) |
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