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本文选自2011年2月1日The Scientist上一篇名为The Evolution of Credibility的文章,主要讨论了科学研究中的“取信过程”。通过科学发展过程易受研究者自身影响这一现象引出“取信过程”,介绍说明其具体内容、存在的两个悖论并最后得出相关结论。全文中在长难句方面,难度并不小。作为2012年考研英语试卷的第三篇阅读,句子难度必然会较前面题型有所提升,有些句子长度已经达到40几个单词,再加上文中的一些难词,这必然会给考生造成理解上的障碍,以致最终影响做题得分。下面就其中的典型例句进行分析:
【典型例句1】:In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.
【例句解析】:本句主干成分为facts are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers。In the idealized version of how science is done是介词短语作状语,修饰主句,其中of how science is done是介词of短语作后置定语修饰version,而how science is done又是介词of的宾语从句。about the world是介词短语作后置定语修饰facts。who use the scientific method to carry out their work 是定语从句修饰researchers。
【例句释义】: 在科学研究的理想化状态中,有关于世界的各种真相都有待于客观研究者的观察与收集,他们使用科学的方法开展研究工作。
【典型例句2】:Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.
【例句解析】:本句较长,易给考生造成理解上的困难。但实际上本句只是由三个分号连接的四个并列句,它们又在时间上形成了先后顺序。而具体的每个句子并不长,也没有理解难点。对此考生只需用心读懂每个句子即可。
【难点点拨】:scientific community:科研界;reviewer:评论家;suit:满足,达到;accompanying:伴随的,随之而来的。
【例句释义】: 在科研界复杂的社会结构中,研究者们提出发现;编辑和评论家们以守门人的角色来操控这种发现的发表过程;其他的科学家们利用新发现来达到自己的目的;最终,公众(包括其他的科学家们)接收新发现以及可能随之而来的技术。
【典型例句3】:As a discovery claim works its way through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.
【例句解析】:本句主句的主干部分为the interaction and confrontation transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery. As a discovery claim works its way through the community,是由as引导的时间状语从句,修饰后面的主句。between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved又是介词between短语作后置定语修饰the interaction and confrontation;其中about the science and the technology involved又是about介词短语作后置定语修饰beliefs;involved又是单个形容词作后置定语修饰the science and the technology。
【难点点拨】:interaction:互动;confrontation:对抗。
【例句释义】:在发现声明于科研界的这一流程中努力前进时,与相关科学和技术有关的或相容或抵触的信念会进行互动和对抗,这会将个人的发现声明转变成科研界的可信发现。
【典型例句4】:Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.
【例句解析】:本句主句的主干成分为newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation。that appear to be important and convincing 是that引导的定语从句修饰published discovery claims and credible discoveries。By future researchers 是介词短语作后置定语,修饰challenge and potential modification or refutation。
【难点点拨】:convincing:有说服力的;modification:修正,修改;refutation:反驳。
【例句释义】:毫不惊奇的是,看似重要而又有说服力的新发表的发现声明以及可信发现总要直面后来研究者们的挑战、可能的修改或者反驳。
【典型例句5】:In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim—a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind.
【例句解析】:本句主句为credibility “happens” to a discovery claim。破折号起解释说明的作用,后面的a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind解释主句内容。其中that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind是that引导的定语从句修饰process。what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind又是what引导的宾语从句作to的宾语。
【难点点拨】:correspond to:符合,与…….一致;
【例句释义】:最终,发现声明终于获得可信度——此过程正好符合哲学家安尼特·贝尔所描述的“思想的公共领域”这一理念。
总之,由于本文中对于后置定语、被动语态、定语从句、状语从句等知识点考查较多,因此对此大家课下需要多多复习。此外,如果时间充足的话,可以多读一些外国核心期刊文章,如《经济学人》、《科学家》等,积累英语国家新闻中常用到的表达。
(本文作者为中公考研英语指导老师—张玉环)
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