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2016考研英语长难句语法知识点:倒装句

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发表于 2016-7-25 13:21:52 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
倒装句也属于特殊句式的一种,且种类多结构杂,但好在难度并不高,只要足够耐心就没问题,下面我们就来具体看一下。
  一、完全倒装
  1.表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语位于句首,主语是名词,符合上述两个条件,主语和谓语可完全倒装。标志词为:here, there, up, down, in, out, away, off, then, on the hill, in the river等。倒装结构:“主语+谓语”变为“谓语+主语”,成分形式没有变化,句子内容不增不减。
  【例句】
  The soccer fans rushed out.
  =Out rushed the soccer fans.
  球迷们冲了出去。
  2.such位于句首时,主谓完全倒装。
  【例句】Such was Norman Bethune, a noble person, a pure person, a moral person, and a vulgar person.这就是白求恩,一个高尚的人,一个纯粹的人,一个有道德的人,一个脱离了低级趣味的人。
  二、部分倒装
  部分倒装指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
  英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必需的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。倒装句是最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调。
  1.Only引导的倒装句
  Only+状语+特定的动词+主+谓
  特定的动词包括:
  助动词:do, does, did, have, has, had
  情态动词:can, could, shall, should, will
  be动词:am, is, are, was, were
  【例句】
  Because you gave someone a ring, I stumbled.
  =Only because you gave someone a ring did I stumble.
  因为你打了个电话,所以我绊倒了。
  2.否定词提前至句首主谓部分倒装
  结构:否定副词+特定动词+主语+谓语
  1)否定副词
  常用否定副词:not, no, never, neither
  特殊否定副词:seldom, few, little, barely, hardly, scarcely, rarely, in vain
  2)特定动词
  助动词,情态动词,be动词
  ①No sooner…than, scarcely/hardly…when表示否定意义的词位于句首时常用部分倒装
  【例句】
  When I saw you for the first time, I fell in love deeply with you.
  =No sooner had I seen you for the first time than I fell in love deeply with you.
  =Hardly had I seen you for the first time when I fell in love deeply with you.
  当我看见你的时候,就深深地爱上了你。
  ②Not only+特定动词+主语+谓语,but also+主语+谓语
  【例句】
  Internet has changed our living habit, and enhanced the efficiency of the government.
  =Not only has Internet changed our living habit, but also enhanced the efficiency of the government.
  网络不仅改变了我们的生活习惯也提高了政府的工作效率。
  3.so…that结构倒装句:so为副词,副词修饰动词、形容词以及副词本身。因此有两种形式的so…that倒装
  1)主语+ be+ so+表语(形容词)+that+从句(结果状语从句)
  变倒装:so+表语(形容词)+be+主语+that+从句(结果状语从句)
  【例句】
  The food price is so high that we cannot afford any more.
  =So high is the food price that we cannot afford any more.
  菜价如此之高,我们都承受不起。
  2)主语+谓语+so+副词(状语)+that+从句(结果状语从句)
  变倒装:so+副词(状语)+特定动词(助动词或情态动词)+主语+谓语+that+从句(结果状语从句)
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发表于 2016-7-25 14:51:26 | 显示全部楼层

  【例句】
  You said your phone number so fast that I hardly wrote it down.
  =So fast did you say your phone number that I hardly wrote it down.
  你刚才电话号码说得太快了,我没有记录下来。
  4.让步状语从句
  1)表语倒装
  Although主语+系语+表语,主句
  变倒装:表语+as/though+主语+系语,主句
  【例句】
  Although many consumers are clever, they are always deceived by advertisements.
  =Clever as/though many consumers are, they are always deceived by advertisements.
  尽管很多消费者很聪明,但还是老上广告的当。
  2)谓语动词的倒装
  Although+主语+特定动词+谓语,主句
  变倒装:谓语+as/though+主语+特定动词,主句
  【例句】
  Although you may object, I’ll go.
  =Object as you may, I’ll go.
  纵使你反对,我也要去。
  3)状语的倒装
  Although主语+谓语+状语,主句
  变倒装:状语+as/though+主语+谓语,主句
  【例句】
  Although I like Paris much, I couldn’t live there.
  =Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there.
  尽管我喜欢巴黎,但我不能住在那里。
  关于倒装句的知识大概就这些,希望大家能在平时练习中多多体会和练习,不要想一口吃个胖子,持之以恒方能看出差距。
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