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Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on
ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Millions of dollars often depend on the choice of which commercial to use in launching a new product. So
you show the commercials to a 1 of typical consumers and ask their opinion. The answers you get can
sometimes lead you into a big 2 . Respondents may lie just to be polite.
Now some companies and major advertising 3 have been hiring voice detectives who test your normal
voice and then record you on tape 4 commenting on a product. A computer analyzes the degree and
direction of change 5 normal. One kind of divergence of pitch means the subject 6 . Another kind
means he was really enthusiastic. In a testing of two commercials 7 children, they were, vocally, about
equally 8 of both, but the computer reported their emotional 9 in the two was totally different.
Most major commercials are sent for testing to theaters 10 with various electronic measuring devices.
People regarded as 11 are brought in off the street. Viewers can push buttons to 12 whether they are
interested or bored.
Newspaper and magazine groups became intensely interested in testing their ads for a product 13 TV
ads for the same product. They were interested because the main 14 of evidence shows that people 15
a lot more mental activity when they read 16 when they sit in front of the TV set. TV began to be 17
“a low-involvement” 18 . It is contended that low involvement means that there is less 19 that the ad
message will be 20 . (257 words)
Notes: commercial 广告。pitch音调。
1. [A] pack [B] flock [C] multiple [D] bulk
2. [A] loss [B] panic [C] benefit [D] surprise
3. [A] hosts [B] advocates [C] agencies [D] opponents
4. [A] as [B] if [C] though [D] while
5. [A] toward [B] into [C] from [D] to
6. [A] aggravated [B] lied [C] boasted [D] misunderstood
7. [A] with [B] about [C] on [D] of
8. [A] conforming [B] agreeing [C] conceiving [D] approving
9. [A] involvement [B] response [C] reflection [D] mood
10. [A] fed [B] supplied [C] provided [D] equipped
11. [A] independent [B] ordinary [C] typical [D] average
12. [A] demonstrate [B] designate [C] debate [D] indicate
13. [A] as with [B] against [C] as to [D] under
14. [A] number [B] series [C] body [D] proportion
15. [A] exhibit [B] extend [C] expand [D] exert
16. [A] or [B] than [C] and [D] versus
17. [A] regarded [B] labeled [C] assumed [D] recognized
18. [A] means [B] method [C] medium [D] measure
19. [A] opportunity [B] scope [C] chance [D] capacity
20. [A] rejected [B] reviewed [C] revived [D] remembered
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
Text 1
In a democratic society citizens are encouraged to form their own opinions on candidates for public office,
taxes, constitutional amendments, environmental concerns, foreign policy, and other issues. The opinions held by
any population are shaped and manipulated by several factors: individual circumstances, the mass media, special
interest groups, and opinion leaders.
Wealthy people tend to think differently on social issues from poor people. Factory workers probably do
not share the same views as white collar, nonunion workers. Women employed outside their homes sometimes
have perspectives different from those of full time homemakers. In these and other ways individual status shapes
one’s view of current events.
The mass media, especially television, are powerful influences on the way people think and act. Government
officials note how mail from the public tends to “follow the headlines”. Whatever is featured in newspapers and
magazines and on television attracts enough attention that people begin to inform themselves and to express
opinions.
The mass media have also created larger audiences for government and a wider range of public issues than
before. Prior to television and the national editions of newspapers, issues and candidates tended to remain
localized. In Great Britain and West Germany, for example, elections to the national legislatures were usually
viewed by voters as local contests. Today’s elections are seen as struggles between party leaders and programs.
In the United States radio and television have been beneficial to the presidency. Since the days of Franklin
D.Roosevelt and his “fireside chats”, presidents have appealed directly to a national audience over the heads of
Congress to advocate their programs.
Special groups spend vast sums annually trying to influence public opinion. Public utilities, for instance,
tried to sway public opinion in favor of nuclear power plants. Opposed to them were citizens’ organizations that
lobbied to halt the use of nuclear power. During the 1960s the American Medical Association conducted an
unsuccessful advertising campaign designed to prevent the passage of Medicare.
Opinion leaders are usually such prominent public figures as politicians, show business personalities, and
celebrity athletes. The opinions of these individuals, whether informed and intelligent or not, carry weight with
some segments of the population. Some individuals, such as Nobel prizewinners, are suddenly thrust into public
view by the media. By quickly reaching a large audience, their views gain a hearing and are perhaps influential in
shaping views on complex issues.
21. The second paragraph is mainly about the influence of .
[A] gender on people’s view [B] people’s status on their view
[C] living standard on people’s view [D] different ranks on people’s view
22. The expression “follow the headlines” (Line 2, Para. 3) shows .
[A] people seldom have time to read newspaper articles
[B] people think the headlines contain the most important information
[C] people often get their opinions from newspapers or television
[D] most people look on newspapers or TV as misleading
23. Which of the following suggests the role of TV in the shaping of public opinion?
[A] TV programs have a strong influence on governmental policy.
[B] Chats on televisions are chief means for running for presidency.
[C] More and more people show interest in politics because of TV.
[D] Before the use of TV, people showed little interest in politics.
24. It is obvious that the opinions of famous people .
[A] is often ignored by the public [B] is seldom expressed to the point
[C] is often imposed on the public [D] has a strong influence on people
25. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
[A] The viewpoints of people in different circumstances are totally different.
[B] The mass media is the most important means that influences people’s opinions.
[C] Some interest groups sometimes are not on the behalf of common people.
[D] The views of the public are influence by famous public figures because their opinions are more
reasonable.
Text 2
For the generation that grew up during the feminist revolution and the rapid social change of the 1960s and
1970s, it at first seemed achievement enough just to “make it” in a man’s world. But coupled with their ambition,
today’s women have developed a fierce determination to find new options for being both parent and professional
without sacrificing too much to either role or burning themselves out beyond redemption.
Women have done all of the accommodating in terms of time, energy and personal sacrifice that is humanly
possible, and still they have not reached true integration in the workplace. For a complicated set of
reasons---many beyond their control---they feel conflict between their careers and their children. All but a rare
few quickly dispel the myth that superwoman ever existed.
For many women, profession and family are pitted against one another on a high-stakes collision of their
professions. In the home, men and women struggle to figure out how dual-career marriages should work. Role
conflict for women reaches far beyond the fundamental work/family dilemma to encompass a whole
constellation of fiercely competing priorities. Women today find themselves in an intense battle with a society
that cannot let go of a narrowly defined work ethic that is supported by a family structure that has not existed for
decades. The unspoken assumption persists that there is still a woman at home to raise the children and manage
the household. But the economic reality is that most people, whether in two-parent or single-parent families, need
to work throughout their adult lives. As a consequence, the majority of today’s mothers are in the labor market.
The first full-fledged generation of women in the professions did not talk about their overbooked agenda or
the toll it took on them and their families. They knew that their position in the office was shaky at best. With
virtually no choice in the matter, they bought into the traditional notion of success in the workplace—usually
attained at the high cost of giving up an involved family life. If they suffered self-doubt or frustration about how
hollow professional success felt without complementary rewards from the home, they blamed themselves---either
for expecting too much or for doing too little. And they asked themselves questions that held no easy answers:
Am I expecting too much? Is it me? Am I alone in this dilemma? Do other women truly have it all?
Until now, this has been a private dilemma, unshared, as each woman was left to forge her own unique
solution to merging her dual loyalties to work and family. Too often she felt that alone had failed to achieve a
comfortable balance between the two.
26. According to the passage, today’s women .
[A] want to achieve a balance between her loyalties to work and family
[B] are stronger advocates of gender equality than the older generation
[C] do not want to sacrifice anything at all for the desired liberation
[D] are getting no nearer to achieving their ambition
27. The myth held by some “superwomen” is that they can .
[A] reconcile their careers with parental responsibilities.
[B] devote themselves to their career without regard for their children
[C] resist the temptation of their ambition to make great achievements
[D] resolve the conflicts between their careers and children without any sacrifice
28. In what way do women today find themselves in an intense battle with the society?
[A] The society regards women as less able to perform social tasks.
[B] Women do too much about their career and too little about their families.
[C] The society still holds the traditional image about a family.
[D] Women no longer regard the family as a basic unit of the society.
29. When women fail to achieve a balance between work and children, they .
[A] let things go their own courses [B] admit that they are not superwomen
[C] usually choose to give up their work [D] often blame themselves for it
30. The author’s attitude towards women’s dilemma seems to be one of .
[A] suspicion [B] indifference [C] irony [D] sympathy
Text 3
One of the earliest changes experienced by newly modernizing countries is the reduction of infectious
disease through the diffusion of public health technology. Public health technology lowers the death rate,
especially among infants and children, causing rapid population growth. Since most of the people of less
developed nations live in rural areas that cannot absorb the increased population, unemployment presses people
off the land. They tend to migrate into urban areas where newly developing industry and commerce and modern
consumer goods and services offer hope for employment and a better life. Unfortunately, the opportunities are
more apparent than real; and often the transition is more painful than pleasant.
In the course of the transition from agrarian life to modern urban living, the family undergoes major changes
in function, structure, relations, and style. Functionally, the family changes from a production unit to a
consumption unit. No longer is there need for a large multi-worker household to operate the family’s farm
interests, and the extended family household changes to the one containing only a core nuclear family. In the city
children become economic liabilities rather than economic assets, and eventually families have fewer of them.
Wives lose their functions as producers and maintainers of the labor force and become free to pursue extra
household activities.
The modern economy forces work outside the home away from kinfolk. Not the father but also the mother is
forced into the marketplace or factory to obtain enough money for the family to survive in a pecuniary economy.
Without the extended family household, no one remains at home to supervise children, so they are left on their
own. They may be sent into the streets to earn money. Daily life becomes filled with more secondary than
primary relations. There is an erosion of family control over individual members.
Scarce urban housing forces overcrowding in both dwelling and neighborhood. Dense structures with
common halls, stairways, and utilities cause more intensive contact with neighbors than in rural villages. Loss of
rural courtyards, oven rooms, and large family areas drives group activities such as cooking, eating, and sitting
into small rooms or city streets. More positively, household furnishings change as families are able to acquire the
high-status accoutrements of modern living such as kerosene burners for cooking(replacing dung cakes)and beds
(instead of mats).
31. The spread of public health technology .
[A] lowered the birthrate [B] decreased infectious disease
[C] created more employment opportunities [D] eradicated the infectious disease
32. By “wives lose their functions as producers and maintainers of the labor force”, the author means
that .
[A] many women are no longer able to join the labor force
[B] many women become too weak to work
[C] many women refuse to have children
[D] the major job for women is no longer to give birth to and bring up children
33. The first sentence of Paragraph 3, “The modern economy forces work outside the home away from
kinfolk” means that .
[A] the forces of modern economy operate beyond the influence of the family
[B] the forces of modern economy are going out of the family
[C] modern economy forces work to go out of the family
[D] modern economy forces work which is outside the home to move away from family members
34. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
[A] In today’s city life, nobody is willing to stay home to supervise children.
[B] Today’s city family has very weak control over its members.
[C] Extended families from the countryside survive only in mutual activities.
[D] All immigrants from abroad need help from relatives to become independent.
35. According to the author, it is good that .
[A] neighbors in cities have more intensive contact with one another than rural people.
[B] group activities such as cooking, eating, and sitting take place in small rooms or city streets
[C] families are able to acquire the high-status accoutrements of modern living
[D] there is a cultural lag in the U.S.
Text 4
Before a big exam, a sound night’s sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks. That, at least,
is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such
behavioral studies cannot distinguish between two competing theories of why sleep is good for the memory. One
says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day,
but then “edited” at night, to flush away what is superfluous.
To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a
decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it.
The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested in is rapid eye movement(REM) sleep,
when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the
eyelids as if watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of
sleep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams.
Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during
the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible,
in response to a light coming on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got
faster. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern---what is
referred to as “artificial grammar”. Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the
pattern was present than when there was not.
What is more, those with more to learn (i.e., the” grammar”, as well as the mechanical task of pushing the
button) have more active brains. The “editing” theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant
stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning
as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to
sleep.
The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through
reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt.
So now, on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will
remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door.
36. The phrase “poring over” in the first sentence of the text may be best interpreted as .
[A] memorizing with great effort [B] studying with close attention
[C] learning earnestly from [D] going thoroughly through
37. The reason why sleep is good for the memory .
[A] is to be clarified by behavioral psychology
[B] is rooted in its function of relaxing the brain
[C] lies in its contribution to the formation of lasting memories
[D] stems from its compiling memories and ridding things unwanted
38. During REM sleep, which of the following will happen?
[A] An increase in brain activities. [B] A drop in blood pressure.
[C] The slowing down of the heartbeat [D] The review of the day’s experiences.
39. The experimenters found that their subjects .
[A] learnt quickly how to respond to the light stimuli
[B] pushed the button faster in the absence of the light pattern
[C] increased their response time as they learnt the artificial grammar
[D] picked up the artificial grammar during their REM sleep
40. The Belgian group reached the conclusion that .
[A] the second theory failed to cover all the brain responses during sleep
[B] REM sleep reactivates the connections between the nerves and the memory
[C] it’s beyond doubt that the subjects were learning in contrast with unlearning
[D] the brain works more efficiently by knowing a set pattern of things to be learnt
Part B
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41you’re you are required to
reorganize the paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list [A]~[G] to fill in each numbered
box. The first and last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on Answer
Sheet 1. (10 points)
[A] One cannot think of any public statement of hers that was especially brilliant or witty. She was more
innocent than clever; even her confession of an affair to a reporter sounded girlish. If pressed, few could say
exactly what it was that made her so important, especially to people outside England, except for the fact that
one could not take one’s eyes off the woman.
[B] Her life never seemed as tragic as it was often made out---just sad, and a little off. She married the wrong
man. Her in-laws could be vindictive. For every photographer eager to capture a picture of her in one of those
astonishing evening gowns or hats, another was skulking in the bushes ready to bring her down.
[C] The sudden death of an admired public person always seems an impossibility. People ascribe invulnerability,
near immortality to our centers of attention. John Kennedy dies, and it could not happen. John Lennon dies,
and it could not happen. Elvis, and Grace Kelly, and shock after shock. And now this death of a young
woman by whom the world had remained transfixed from the moment she first appeared before it, whose
name contained the shadow of her end: Princess Di.
[D] In a way, she was more royal than the royals. She had a higher station than the Queen of England; she was
the titular young monarch of her own country and of every other place in the world. She was the sentimental
favorite figurehead, who was authorized to sign no treaties, command no armies, make no wars. All she had
was the way she looked and sounded and carried herself. No model or actress could hold a candle to her. She
was the image every child has of a princess----the one who can feel the pea under the mattresses, who kisses
the frog, who lets down her hair from the tower window.
[E] But who would have believed it? People thought every thought that could be thought about Diana, but not
death. She was beauty, death’s antithesis. Beauty is given not only a special place of honor in the world but
also a kind of permanence, as if it were an example of tendency of nature to perfect itself, and therefore
something that once achieved, lives forever.
[F] Yet that was no small thing. Diana was someone one had to look at, and such a person comes along once in a
blue moon. She had a soft heart; that was evident. She had a knack for helping people in distress. And all
such qualities rose in a face that everyone was simply pleased to see.
[G] Her marriage was gone long before her death. As the years went on, it is likely that there would have been
other romances after Dodi al Fayed to titillate the throngs. Exactly how her life would have progressed is
hard to imagine. She would have continued to be a good mother and a worker for the ill and the poor; she
would have been pictured from time to time at a dinner party or on a boat. In older age she might have
become the King’s mother, welcomed back into the royal family at a time of life that is automatically
accorded stature. How would she have looked? The hair whiter, the skin a bit more lined, but the eyes would
still have had that sweet mixture of kindness and longing. By then the story of her and Charles, the scandals
and recriminations, might have been lost in smoke.
[H] Yet if people now were asked how they will remember Diana, what picture among the thousands they will
hold in their mind, it would not be Diana at an official ceremony, or with a boyfriend, or even with her
children. It would be her on the day of her wedding, when all the world was glad to be her subject and when
she gave everyone who looked at her the improbable idea that life was beautiful.
20140510110033941.jpg
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.
China has been through a wrenching series of changes and experiments. (46) It is not for me, or for others in
America, to tell China what its economic system should be. What works best for China will be a system rooted in
China itself-in Chinese customs and traditions and ways of doing things. (47) The proof of any system lies in its
results: in the extent to which it provides for the people more of what those people want. What the people of
China want will not be in all respects the same as what the people of the United States would want. But in some
respects it will be the same. The bottom lines test of any economic system is whether it works. (48) An economic
system that works is one that creates incentives to produce, and provides a fair distribution of what is produced.
What incentives will work, what distribution is seen to be “fair”---these are questions that different cultures may
answer differently, and that even the same culture may answer differently in different periods of history or at
different stages of its development.
Among the great nations, the United States’ economic system is the most successful in history in producing
prosperity. The Chinese system is the most successful in history in producing equality. (49)The challenge we
both face is to avoid forcing people to make a hard choice between a system at one extreme which provides
equality but would perpetuate poverty and one at the other extreme which provides prosperity but would ignore
poverty. Poverty is too high a price to pay for either equality or prosperity. China’s challenge is to support the
principle of equality without destroying the productivity of the people. America’s challenge is to provide
prosperity which gives all an opportunity to escape from poverty. (50) Our systems are profoundly different, but
in long view our goal of a better life for all our people is the same.
Section III Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
An English summer camp is to be held for overseas students in America. You are applying for admission to
it. Write a letter to
1) introduce yourself,
2) offer your reason(s) for application, and
3) ask for an application form.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on Answer Sheet 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the
address. (10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Study the following cartoon and write an essay in which you should
1) describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and
2) point out possible reasons and suggestions.
You should write about 200 words neatly on Answer Sheet 2.
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更多考研英语模拟测试题及答案，请点击：2014考研英语模拟测试题及答案汇总
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发表于 2016-7-25 11:38:06