2014考研英语模拟测试题一

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　　Section I Use of English
　　Directions:
　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on
　　ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
　　I feel very _1__ to have this opportunity to address the Fourth Europe-Asia Forum. Europe and Asia are two
　　of the world’s major _2__, and there has been a long history of 3 between them. __4_ between the two
　　continents have a deep and far-reaching _5__ on the welfare and future of their peoples, not to say of all mankind.
　　The Europe-Asia Forum, __6_ by the Quandt Foundation, the Institute of Political Studies and the Asia-Europe
　　Foundation, has been instrumental in __7_ the partnership between our two continents in the new century. To be
　　_8_ ，Asia and Europe need to increase their mutual understanding through increased dialogue. I hope my
　　speech today can contribute __9_ the realization of this objective. Now I would like to __10_ with you some of
　　my views on the East Asian and Chinese economies against the background of globalization.
　　Until 1990, the East Asian economy had been __11_ as the most dynamic in the world. However, under the
　　challenges of economic globalization, Japan has __12_ into a decade of recession, without any signs of recovery
　　_13__ date. The Asian financial crisis in 1997 threw most of the economies in this region into __14_. In early
　　1999 there were palpable _15__ of a turn to the better. Along with a slow-down of the American economy,
　　however, the cloud of recession once again _16__ the region. The structural deficiencies which had _17__ the
　　crisis were re-emerging.
　　Due to its importance in the world economy, economic trends in East Asia are _18__ watched. Currently, the
　　questions that need to be addressed are: whether its economic institutions and structure remain able to meet the
　　__19_ of globalization; what the region’s economic _20__ are; what kind of role China can play in the region’s
　　economic recovery.
　　1. A. respected B. privileged C. pledged D. projected
　　2. A. Continents B. Constituents C. Constructs D. constitutes
　　3. A. Expansion B. Excursion C. Existence D. exchanges
　　4. A. Actions B. Devotions C. Relations D. Decisions
　　5. A. impact B. impetus C. impulse D. impress
　　6. A. constituted B. advanced C. decided D. sponsored
　　7. A. framing B. ejecting C. forging D. inserting
　　8. A. owners B. partners C. operators D. designers
　　9. A. on B. to C. for D. with
　　10. A. share B. side C. compile D. adopt
　　11. A. rised B. raised C. praised D. braised
　　12. A. edged B. mocked C. clutched D. slipped
　　13. A. out B. to C. up to D. until
　　14. A. Recession B. concession C. confession D. confusion
　　15 A. symptoms B. systems C. signs D. syndromes
　　16. A overhauled B. overflew C. overlapped D. overcast
　　17. A. initiated B. irritated C. inhabited D. inherited
　　18. A. deeply B. highly C. keenly D. kindly
　　19 A. changes B. charges C. privileges D. challenges
　　20. A. process B. prospects C. projects D. profiles
　　Section II Reading Comprehension
　　Part A
　　Directions:
　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
　　Text 1
　　Charles Dickens, like millions of children all over the world throughout the ages, was enchanted by fairy tales.
　　He acknowledged the deep formative impact that the wondrous figures and events of fairy tales helps children
　　better than anything else in their most difficult, yet most important and satisfying task: achieving a more mature
　　consciousness to tame the chaotic pressure of their unconsciousness.
　　Fairy tales, unlike any other form of literature, direct children to discover their identity and calling. These
　　stories hint that a good, rewarding life is within one’s reach despite adversity. They promise that if one dares to
　　engage in this fearsome and taxing search, benevolent powers will come to one’s aid, and that one will succeed.
　　But fairy tales also warn that those who are too timid or narrow-minded to risk themselves must settle for
　　humdrum existence.
　　In the past, those who loved fairy tales were often subjected to the scorn of pedants. But today many of our
　　children are deprived of the chance to know fairy stories at all. Most children now meet fairy tales, if they
　　encounter them at all, only in prettified versions that subdue their meaning and rob them of all deeper
　　significance. One can see such versions in films and on television, where fairy tales are tamed into empty-minded
　　entertainment.
　　Throughout history, the intellectual life of children largely depended on mythical and religious stories, and on
　　fairy tales. This traditional literature fed children’s imagination and stimulated their fantasies. At the same time,
　　these stories were a major agent of the child’s socialization. Children could learn social ideals from the material
　　of myths, while fairy tales provide patterns of behaviour modeled on these ideals. These were the images of the
　　unconquered heroes, whose life history showed that it is not beneath the dignity of the strongest to clean the
　　filthiest stable.
　　21. The author cited Dickens in order to .
　　[A] call attention to a person who began by writing fairy tales
　　[B] support the author’s scorn for those who adapt fairy tales for films and television
　　[C] prove the formative influence of fairy tales on writers
　　[D] provide an example of one who understands the importance of fairy tales to children
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　　22. It is implied in the second paragraph that .
　　[A] most fairy tales are success stories
　　[B] children learn their moral lesson from fairy tales
　　[C] most fairy tales are too difficult for children to comprehend
　　[D] children often identify themselves with the characters in fairy tales
　　23. The author identified all of the following as benefits children derive from fairy tales EXCEPT .
　　[A] expressing complex issues in language children can understand
　　[B] serving as introductions to complex questions by rewarding lifestyles
　　[C] teaching children the wisdom of facing risks to achieve more fulfilling lives
　　[D] improving a child’s imagination through models of vivid imagery
　　24. According to the passage, today’s children seldom experience fairy tales in the original because these
　　literary forms are .
　　[A] no longer available
　　[B] not understandable to children
　　[C] shortened to entertaining
　　[D] not relevant to the concerns of contemporary children
　　25. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
　　[A] Many of today’s children lack the important socializing influence of myths and fairy tales.
　　[B] Fairy tales provide models for human feelings and are therefore essential to the growth of children.
　　[C] The best way to tame a child’s unconscious being is to allow him to experience fairy tales.
　　[D] The diminishing importance of the role of fairy tales in child development explains today’s problems.
　　Text 2
　　It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as ”hard”, the social sciences as “soft”, and the
　　biological science as somewhere in between. This is interpreted to mean that our knowledge of physical systems
　　is more certain than our knowledge of biological systems, and these in turn are more certain than our knowledge
　　of social systems. In terms of our capacity to sample the relevant universe, however, and the probability that our
　　images of these universes are at least approximately correct, one suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable.
　　We are able to sample the earth’s social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable
　　sample of the total universe being investigated. Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many
　　ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries. Even the folk knowledge
　　in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in social
　　activities, fighting and so on, is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system
　　derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.
　　In contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, or even of earth’s geological history, can easily be
　　subject to revolutionary changes as new data comes in and new theories are worked out. If we define the
　　“security” of our image of various parts of the total system as the probability of their suffering significant
　　changes, then we would reverse the order of hardness and see the social sciences as the most secure, the physical
　　sciences as the least secure, and again the biological sciences as somewhere in between. Our image of the
　　astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it
　　and its record-keeping is trivial as compared with the rich records of the social systems, or even the limited
　　records of biological systems. Records of the astronomical universe, despite the fact that we see distant things as
　　they were long ago, are limited in the extreme.
　　Even in regard to such a close neighbor as the moon, which we have actually visited, theories about its
　　origin and history are extremely different, contradictory, and hard to choose among. Our knowledge of physical
　　evolution is incomplete and highly insecure.
　　26. The word “paradox” (Line 1, Paragraph 1) means “ ”.
　　[A] implication [B] contradiction
　　[C] interpretation [D] confusion
　　27. According to the author, we should reverse our classification of the physical sciences as “hard” and the
　　social sciences as “soft” because .
　　[A]a reverse ordering will help promote the development of the physical sciences
　　[B]our knowledge of physical systems is more reliable than that of social systems
　　[C]our understanding of the social systems is approximately correct
　　[D]we are better able to investigate social phenomena than physical phenomena
　　28. The author believes that our knowledge of social systems is more secure than that of physical systems
　　because .
　　[A]it is not based on personal experience.
　　[B]new discoveries are less likely to occur in social sciences
　　[C]it is based on a fairly representative quantity of data
　　[D]the records of social systems are more reliable
　　29. The chances of the physical sciences being subjected to great changes are the biggest because .
　　[A]contradictory theories keep emerging all the time
　　[B]new information is constantly coming in
　　[C]the direction of their development is difficult to predict
　　[D]our knowledge of the physical world is inaccurate
　　30. We know less about the astronomical universe than we do about any social systems because .
　　[A]theories of its origin and history are varied
　　[B]our knowledge of it is highly insecure
　　[C]only a very small sample of it has been observed
　　[D]few scientists are involved in the study of astronomy
　　Text 3
　　Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV.
　　The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolves round criminal law. He has to know exactly
　　what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much
　　law a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a
　　street after someone he wants to talk to.
　　Little of his time is spent in chatting. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on
　　thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid, petty crimes.
　　Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as he’s arrested, the story is over. In
　　real life, finding criminal is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist
　　attacks little effort is spent on searching.
　　Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he
　　often has to gather a lot of different evidence.
　　A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: first, as
　　members of a police force they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as
　　expensive public servants they always have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some
　　of them have to break the rules in small ways.
　　If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceive him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the
　　truth. And this separation that detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the
　　simple-mindedness-as he sees it---of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of
　　eliminating crime, punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result,
　　detectives feel, is that nine-tenths of their work is re-catching people who should have stayed behind bars. This
　　makes them rather cynical.
　　31. A policeman has to be trained in criminal law because .
　　[A] he must work hard to help reform criminals
　　[B] he must behave as professional lawyers do
　　[C] he must be able to tell when and where a crime is committed
　　[D] he must justify the arrests he makes of criminals
　　32. What is the most suitable word that describes the work of a policeman according to the passage?
　　[A] Dangerous. [B] Distressing.
　　[C] Demanding. [D] Dramatic.
　　33. According to the passage, policemen spend most of their time and efforts .
　　[A] patrolling the street, rain or shine [B] tracking and arresting criminals
　　[C] collecting and providing evidence [D] consulting the rules of law
　　34. What’s the policeman’s bigger headache?
　　[A] He has to get the most desirable results without breaking the law in any way.
　　[B] He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide sufficient evidence in most cases.
　　[C] He can hardly find enough time to learn criminal law while burdened will numerous criminal cases.
　　[D] He has to provide the best possible public service at the least possible expense.
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　　35. Why do policemen feel separated from the rest of the world?
　　[A] Because they do not receive due support from society.
　　[B] Because they find people insincere to them.
　　[C] Because they feel superior to the simple-minded people around them.
　　[D] Because they suspicious of the people around them.
　　Text 4
　　An assumption that underlies most discussions of electric facility sitting is that the initial selection of a site
　　is the responsibility of the utility concerned—subject to governmental review and approval only after the site has
　　been chosen. This assumption must be changed so that site selection becomes a joint responsibility of the utilities
　　and the appropriate governmental authorities from the outset. Sitting decisions would be made in accordance
　　with either of two strategies.
　　The metropolitan strategy takes the existing distribution of population and supporting facilities as given. An
　　attempt is then made to choose between dispersed or concentrated sitting and to locate generating facilities in
　　accordance with some economic principle. For example, the economic objectives of least-cost construction and
　　rapid start-up may be achieved, in part, by a metropolitan strategy which takes advantage of existing elements of
　　social and physical infrastructure in the big cities. Under the frontier strategy, the energy park may be taken as an
　　independent variable, subject to manipulation by policy-makers as a means of achieving desired demographic or
　　social goals, such as rural-town-city mix. Thus, population distribution is taken as a goal of national social policy,
　　not a national energy policy. In the frontier strategy, the option of dispersed sitting is irrelevant to the standpoint
　　of community impact because there is no pre-existing community of any size.
　　Traditionally, the resource-endowment of a location---and especially its situation relative to the primary
　　industry of the inland areas---has had a special importance in American history. In the early agricultural period,
　　the most valued natural endowment was arable land with good climate and available water. America’s oldest
　　cities were mercantile outposts of such agricultural areas. Deepwater ports developed to serve the agricultural
　　inland areas, which produced staple commodities in demand on the world market. From the 1840s onward, the
　　American manufacturing heartland developed westwards to encompass Lake Superior iron ores, the
　　Pennsylvania coalfields, and the Northeast’s financial, entrepreneurial, and manufacturing roles. Subsequent
　　metropolitan growth has been organized around this national core.
　　The frontier strategy implements the principle of created opportunity; and this helps explain why some
　　environmentalists perceive the energy park idea as a threat to nature. But the problems of modern society, with or
　　without energy parks, require ever more comprehensive planning. And energy parks are a means of advancing
　　American social history rather than merely responding to power needs in an unplanned, ad hoc manner.
　　36. Which of the following statements best describes the main point of the passage?
　　[A] Government regulatory authorities should participate in electric facility site selection to further
　　social goals.
　　[B] Energy parks will have a significant influence on the demographic features of the American
　　population.
　　[C] Urban growth in the United States was largely the result of economic forces rather than
　　conscientious planning.
　　[D] America needs larger power-production facilities in urban and rural areas to meet the increasing
　　demand for energy.
　　37. Population will be redistributed as a result of .
　　[A] the metropolitan strategy
　　[B] the frontier strategy
　　[C] neither the frontier strategy nor the metropolitan strategy
　　[D] both the frontier strategy and the metropolitan strategy
　　38. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as characteristics of energy parks EXCEPT .
　　[A] energy parks will be built upon previously undeveloped sites
　　[B] energy parks will be built in areas remote from major population centers
　　[C] energy parks can be built in a concentrated place to serve a big city
　　[D] energy parks will be built at sites that are near fuel sources such as coal
　　39. It is implied in the passage that in selecting a site for past electric facilities .
　　[A] government authority exercised only a review function
　　[B] decisions were made without regard to the effect the facility would have on the environment
　　[C] sites selected by utilities were often opposed by environmentalist groups
　　[D] both[A] and [B]
　　40. With which one of the following statements would the author most likely agree?
　　[A] Decisions about locations for power plants should be left to the utilities.
　　[B] Government leaders in the nineteenth century were irresponsible in not supervising urban growth
　　more closely.
　　[C] Natural features of a region such as cultivatable land and water supply are no longer important to
　　urban growth.
　　[D] Modern society is so complex that governments must take greater responsibility for decisions such
　　as power plant sitting.
　　Part B
　　Directions:
　　In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For questions 41-45, choose the most
　　suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which
　　do not fit in any of the blanks.
　　It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and
　　later personality. Every experience teaches the child something and the effects are cumulative. “Upbringing” is
　　normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home. 41) ____________. In a society
　　such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the
　　child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent. The ideals and practices of child rearing vary from
　　culture. 42) ________________. In more technologically developed societies, the period of childhood and
　　adolescence tends to be extended over a long time, resulting in more opportunity for education and greater
　　variety in character development.
　　Early upbringing in the home is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of the community and by the
　　parents’ capabilities and their aims and depends not only on upbringing and education but also on the innate
　　abilities of the child. 43) ____________.
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　　Parents can ascertain what is normal in physical, mental and social development, by referring to some of the
　　many books based on scientific knowledge in these areas, or, less reliably, since the sample is smaller, by
　　comparing notes with friends and relatives who have children.
　　44) ___________. They use general information only as a guide in making decisions and solving problems.
　　For example, they will need specific suggestion for problems such as speech defects or backwardness in learning
　　to walk or control of bodily functions. In the more general sense, though, problems of upbringing are recognized
　　to be problems of relationships within the individual family, the first necessity being a secure emotional
　　background with parents who are united in their attitude to their children.
　　All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and disciplines. The younger the child, the more readily
　　the mother gives in to his demands to avoid disappointing. She knows that if his energies are not given an outlet,
　　her child’s continuing development may be warped. 45) ____________. Similarly, throughout life, each stage
　　depends on the satisfactory completion of the one before.
　　[A] Intelligent parents, however, realize that particular setting of each family is unique, and there can be no
　　rigid general rules.
　　[B] This is closely related to the treatment and training of the child in schools, which is usually distinguished
　　by the term “education”.
　　[C] Help your child to interpret what she sees—to think of explanations for the events depicted and to
　　imagine how the show is put together. Make simple critiques of a show without implying that her fascination
　　with the drama and the weapons makes her guilty by association.
　　[D] An example of this is the young child’s need to play with mud and sand and water. A child must be
　　allowed to enjoy this “messy” but tactile stage of discovery before he is ready to go on to the less physical
　　pleasures of toys and books.
　　[E] Children naturally often want the toys shown on and advertised during those programs.
　　[F] Wide differences of innate intelligence and temperament exist even in children of the same family.
　　[G] In general, the more rural the community, the more uniform are the customs of child upbringing.
　　Part C
　　Directions:
　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.
　　Judging goodness is not an exact science. Received opinion has, over the ages, recommended various
　　pursuits for the benefits they purportedly bestow, from wearing hair shirts and reading the Bible to cleaning
　　one’s plate at dinner time and listening to Mozart. (46) Self-improvement, be it of body or of mind, is the key, we
　　are told, to individual happiness and collective well-being; striving to find what is good for us will lead us to the
　　good life and the good society.
　　But does science help or hinder? Historians have often identified the scientific revolution of the late 17th and
　　18th centuries as the watershed that separated the moderns from the ancients in says of knowing the world. (47)
　　As a result, superstition, tradition and custom no longer stood as the primary authorities that could explain,
　　legitimate and preserve the status quo. (48) The emerging spirit of inquiry and discovery released humanity from
　　pre-modern unenlightenment; out of the darkness came the gas lamp, the electric light bulb and the ultraviolet
　　beam, shedding light on man’s formerly slavish, subordinated state of being.
　　In this Whiggish narrative of progress, science plays its benevolent part in bringing mankind to a higher
　　stage of evolution. (49) Elemental forces are mastered and managed: killer diseases no longer kill, long distances
　　cease to be prohibitive, mass media and communications transform our knowledge of societies outside our own.
　　The length and quality of life increase in tandem with the onward procession of scientists, physicians, inventors
　　and techno-entrepreneurs.
　　Anxieties about where technology might lead us are therefore part of the broader malaise of our
　　impoverished democracy. (50) If we are to feel confident about the power of science to build a brighter future,
　　then we must create structures for the development of moral consensus, through debate and dialogue, across
　　communities and societies at all levels. A socially integrated, politically connected, virtuous science cannot be
　　successfully locked into an inclusive, democratic system when that system itself is weak and failing.
　　Section III Writing
　　Part A
　　51. Directions:
　　You failed to go to an appointment with Mr. Wang. Write a letter to him to
　　1) apologize fro missing the appointment,
　　2) explain your reasons, and
　　3) ask for another meeting.
　　Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on Answer sheet. Do not sign your own name at
　　the end of the letter, use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
　　Part B
　　52. Directions:
　　A. study the following picture carefully and write and essay in which you should
　　(1) describe the picture, interpret its meaning, and
　　(2) give your comment on the phenomenon.
　　B. you should write about 200 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

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