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1.动词不定式短语的结构:
动词不定式短语的主干是由 to + 动词原形构成,动词不定式短语内部的动词可以跟自己的宾语、状语、表语等成分。动词不定式短语整体上在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。
2.动词不定式短语在句子中的作用
(1)动词不定式短语做主语:
To master a language is not an easy thing.
掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。
It's my pleasure to help you.
帮助你是我的乐趣。
动词不定式做主语时可以放在后面,而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。
It's necessary to find the witness.
有必要找到目击者。
(2)动词不定式短语作宾语:
I like to help others as much as possible.
如果有可能的话,我喜欢帮助别人。
动词不定式短语作宾语补语:表示不定式的动作是由宾语发出。
We expect you to be with us.
我们希望你和我们在一起。
(3)动词+宾语+不带to的不定式作宾语补足语:感官动词:see, watch, notice, look at,hear;使役动词:make, let, have(使得),help(可带to, 也可不带to)
The teacher has his students write a composition every other week.
老师让同学们每隔一周写一篇作文。
Many things【make people think artists are weird】.
很多事情使人们觉得艺术家们很奇怪。
(4)动词不定式短语作表语:
The most urgent thing is to take legal measures immediately.当务之急是马上采取法律措施。
(5)动词不定式短语作定语:
There are many ways to solve the problem. 有许多方法能解决这个问题。
(6)动词不定式短语作状语:经常表示目的。
We went to the hospital to see our teacher. 我们去医院看了我们的老师。
She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.
她在做试验,以从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。
3.动词不定式主干的否定形式:
(1)not + to + 动词原形
The teacher told us not to swim in that river.
老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。
It's unfair not to tell us.
没告诉我们真是不公平。
(2)带疑问词的动词不定式短语:
疑问词who, what, which, when, where, how, why 以及whether可以加在动词不定式短语的前面,构成不定式短语,使含义更加具体。整体上相当于一个名词短语。
Where to go is not known yet. 去什么地方还不知道。
I don't know when to begin. 我不知道什么时间开始。
(3)带逻辑主语的动词不定式短语: |
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