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发表于 2016-7-4 12:59:45
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49.It is implied in the passage that_________.
A. America's health system has its strengths and weaknesses
B. the US government pays medical bills for the poor and theelderly
C. some 46 million Americans do not have medical insurance
D. Europeans benefit a lot from America's medical research
50.from the last paragraph we may learn that the “socialized medicine”is____________.
A. a practice of Canadaand Europe
B. a policy adopted by the US government
C. intended for the retiring baby-boomers
D. administered by private enterprises
Passage Three
When Thomas Keller,one of America'sforemost chefs, announced that on Sept. I he would abolish the practice oftipping at Per Se. his luxury restaurant in New York City, and replace it withEuropean-style service charge, I knew three groups would be opposed: customers,servers and restaurant owners. These three groups are all committed totipping――as they quickly made clear on Web sites. To oppose tipping , it seems,is to be anticapitalist , and maybe even a little French
But Mr. Keller is right to move awayfrom tipping―and it's worth exploring why just about everyone else in therestaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice.
Customers believe in tipping becausethey think it makes economic sense.“Waiters know that they won't get paid ifthey don't do a good job”is how most advocates of the system would put it. Tobe sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economictheory, but it appears to have little applicability to the real world ofrestaurants.
Michael Lynn, an associate professorof consumer behavior and marketing at Cornell's School of HotelAdministration, has conducted dozens of students of tipping and has concludedthat consumers assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amountthey tip.
Rather, customers are likely to tipmore in response to servers touching them lightly and leaning forward next tothe table to make conversation than to how often their water glass isrefilled――in other words, customers tip more when they like the server, notwhen the service is good. Mr. Lynn's studies also indicate that male customersincrease their tips for female servers while female customers increase theirtips for male servers,.
What's more,. consumers seem toforget that the tip increases as the bill increases. Thus, the tipping systemis an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call “upwelling”： everybottle of imported water, every espresso and every cocktail is extra money inthe server's pocket. Aggressive upwelling for tips is often rewarded whilelow-key, quality service often goes unrecognized.
In addition , thepractice of tip pooling , which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and isbecoming more in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon ,has ruined whatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individualwaiter . In an unreasonable outcome , you are punishing the good waiters in therestaurant by not tipping the bad one . Indeed , there appear to be littleconnection between tipping and good service .
Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage: Prior to the20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived forcenturies. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much moredifficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a keyfactor in language maintenance and preservation.
It remains to be seenwhether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in thecenturies ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it :populationgrowth, which pushes migrant populations into the world's last isolatedlocations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and thespread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify afuture in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumerproducts become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues haveemerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of theworld's peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key toeducation, economic opportunity, and a better way of life.
Only about 3,000languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most ofthe rest doomed in the century after that?
Whether most of theselanguages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish tokeep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require anemphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）。 Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smallerspheres---at home, among friends, in community settings---and a global languageat work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way,many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrityalongside global languages, rather than yield to the homogenizing（同化的）forces of globalization.
Ironically, the trendof technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could alsohelp save them. For example, some experts predict that computer softwaretranslation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse theInternet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently usingcomputer―aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages.
For many endangered languages, theline between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkablyresilient（有活力的），however. It is notjust a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating differentgroups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous（原生的，土著的）communities have shown that it ispossible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identitiesthrough language.
51.It may be inferred that a European-style service______.
A . is tipping-free
B .charges little tip
C .is the author's initiative
D .is offered at Per-se
52.Which of the following is NOT true according to the author .
A .Tipping is a common practice in the restaurant world.
B .Waiters don't care about tipping
C .Customers generally believe in tipping.
D .Tipping has little connection with the quality of service.
53.According to Michael Lynn's studies, waiters will likely get more tips ifthey______
A. have performed good service
B. frequently refill customers' water glass
C. win customers' favor
D. serve customers of the same sex
54.We may infer from the context that “upwelling”（Line 2, Para 6） probablymeans ________
A. selling something up
B. selling something fancy
C. selling something unnecessary
D. selling something more expensive
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