2014东北师范大学英语专业考研模拟试题（一）

海天考研

　　2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试模拟试题（一）
　　专业基础
　　I Term defining （10 points）
　　DIRECTIONS: DEFINE THE FOLLOWINIGN TEMRMS GIVING EXAMPLES FOR ILLUSTRATION IF NECESSARY.
　　1 applied linguistics
　　2. phoneme
　　3. morpheme
　　4. pragmatics
　　5. homonymy
　　II True or False （20 points）
　　1 Every utterance occurs in a particular spatiotemporal situation, the main components of which are the place and time of the utterance.
　　2. A sentence must have at least one argument.
　　3. Synonyms refer to the sameness or close similarity of meaning.
　　4. All of nouns can be considered as names or labels.
　　5. A sentence looks different when it is at different levels of syntactic representations, D-structure and S-structure.
　　6. The structural subject and logical subject have different positions in a sentence.
　　7. A major goal of linguistics is to show how syntactic rules account for the grammatical knowledge of the native speakers, with a consistent and explicit theory of grammar.
　　8. Clauses may stand structurally independent as complete statements, and also be combined with other clauses to from sentences.
　　9. Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units of language that can be used independently
　　10 A root must be combined with another root to form a word
　　III Gap filling （20）
　　1.P___  is a branch of linguistics which studies how speech sounds are produced and classified.
　　2.The investigations of modern linguistics are  mainly based on a________ , and mainly s____   language data.
　　3.Pragmatics is the study of meaning in c______.
　　4.For l_______ , the study of sound is of greater importance than that of writing.
　　5.The study of speech of sounds is called n____.
　　6.The meaningful components at the lowest level of a word are called m________.
　　7.The word formed by derivation is called a d________.
　　8.Inflectional affixes manifest various g_______ or g___ such as number, degree and case.
　　9.S_______ and p_________ are the basic components of a sentence.
　　10.The lexical categories are commonly known as o_________.
　　IV  Choose the best answer.（20points）
　　1.The pair of words “excellent” and “terrible” are ________.
　　A gradable  antonyms       B complementary antonyms
　　C relational opposites       D co-hyponyms
　　2. We call the relation between “animal” and “horse” as_______.
　　A synonymy                B polysemy
　　Chomonymy                D hyponymy
　　3._________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and non-linguistic world of experience.
　　A  Sense                  B Reference
　　C Symbol                   D Thought
　　4. Normally a sentence consists of at least a subject and its predicate which contains a finite verb or verb phrase. In you opinion, “Stop” is a ________.
　　A  referring expression           B referring entity
　　C   sentence                     D part of sentence
　　5. The relation of the two clauses in a coordinate sentence is ________.
　　A one is subordinate to the other
　　B they hold unequal status
　　C they are structurally equal parts of the sentence.
　　D they are incorporated.
　　6.________ explains why no other phrasal categories can intervene between a verb and its direct object.
　　A Case condition
　　B Adjacency conditions
　　C Adjacency parameter
　　D Leftward directionality Parameter
　　7. There are ______ morphemes in the word “international”。
　　A  two   B3        C4         D 5
　　8.Inflectional affixes convey ________ meaning.
　　A lexical         B grammatical
　　Cmorphological     D morphemic
　　9. _____modify the meaning and in many cases change the part of speech of the original word.
　　A Inflectional affixes
　　B Derivational affixes
　　C Prefixes
　　D Suffixes
　　10. Consonants are described in terms of ________.
　　A place of articulation
　　B manner of articulation
　　C voicing
　　D all of the above
　　V ANSWER THE QUESTIONS （30 POINTS）
　　1.What are the differences between root and stem?
　　2.Explain the following statement:
　　For any natural language, a set of syntactic rules are capable of yielding an endless number of sentences in that language.
　　英美概况（30 points）
　　1 名词解释（20 points）
　　The Hepatarchy
　　King of Lackland
　　The Townshend Acts
　　Sneak attack
　　2. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS （10 POINTS）
　　1 What are the contents of the Magna Carta? What is its nature?
　　2 Why do we say that “the members of the stronger party in the House of Commons are the real law-makers”？
　　TRANSLATION（30）
　　1 The powerful space rocket works along the same lines as a simple firework rocket. The firework rocket has a cylindrical body and a conical head. The body is packed with gunpowder which is the fuel. It is a mixture of chemicals that will burn rapidly to form hot gases.
　　At the base or foot of the rocket there is an opening or nozzle. A fuse hangs out like a tail from the nozzle. A long stick attached along the body serves to direct the rocket before the fuse is lighted.
　　When the gunpowder burns, hot gases rush out of the nozzle. The hot gases continue to rush out as long as the gunpowder burns. When these gases shoot downwards through the nozzle the rocket is pushed upwards. This is called jet propulsion. The simple experiment, shown in the picture, will help you to understand jet propulsion.
　　2 中华民族历来尊重人的尊严和价值。还在遥远的古代，我们的先人就已提出“民为贵”的思想，认为“天生万物，唯人为贵” ，一切社会的发展和进步，都取决于人的发展和进步，取决于人的尊严的维护和价值的发挥。中国共产党领导人民进行革命、建设和改革，就是要实现全中国人民广泛的自由、民主和人权。今天中国所焕发出来的巨大活力，是中国人民拥有广泛自由、民主的生动写照。中国在公元一世纪人口就已达到过六千万左右，众多人口的衣食住行，几千年来一直是中国历代政府所要解决的首要人权问题。今天的中国是一个有十二亿多人口的发展中大国，仍然必须首先保障最广大人民的生存权和发展权，不然一切其他权利都无从谈起。中国确保十二亿多人的生存权和发展权，这是对世界人权进步事业的重大贡献。