2006年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案

海天考研

　　Section I　Use of English
　　The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.  __1_ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government  can’t possibly __2__. To help homeless people __3__ independence, the  federal government must support job training programs, __4__ the minimum  wage, and fund more low-cost housing. __5__ everyone agrees on the  numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates __6__ anywhere from  600,000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on  another matter: that the number of the homeless is __8__, one of the  federal government’s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless will  reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.
　　Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become  increasingly difficult. __11__ when homeless individuals manage to find a  __12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at  night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day __13__ the street.  Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to  alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious  mental disorders. Many others, __14__ not addicted or mentally ill,  simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives __16__.  Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve  only when there are __17__ programs that address the many needs of the  homeless. __18__ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at  Bentley College in Massachusetts, __19__ it, “There has to be __20__ of  programs. What’s need is a package deal.”
　　1. [A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore
　　2. [A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D] retain
　　3. [A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward
　　4. [A] raise [B] add [C] take [D] keep
　　5. [A] Generally [B] Almost [C] Hardly [D] Not
　　6. [A] cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ
　　7. [A]now that [B]although [C]provided [D]Except that
　　8. [A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending
　　9. [A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers
　　10. [A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss
　　11. [A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only
　　12. [A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house
　　13. [A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering
　　14. [A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas
　　15. [A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance
　　16. [A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up
　　17. [A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating
　　18. [A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus
　　19. [A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes
　　20. [A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordination

            
            

kyone

　　Section II Reading Comprehension
　　Part A
　　Text 1
　　In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an  amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing  uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of  consumption” launched by the 19th--century department stores that  offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of  intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores  “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned  shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising  and sports are other forces for homogenization.
　　Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may  not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the  National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s  immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to  assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in  1900, 13.6 percent .In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants  arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10years prior to 1890, 9.2 for  every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation –language,  home ownership and intermarriage.
　　The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each  of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or  ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants  tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third  generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant  families.” Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for  languages. By 1996 foreign–born immigrants who had arrived before 1970  had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent  rate among native-born Americans.
　　Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of  intermarriage than do U.S –born whites and blacks.” By the third  generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics,  and 41 percent of Asian–American women are married to non-Asians.
　　Rodriguez note that children in remote villages around the world  are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet  “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States  remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”
　　Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America?  Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly  when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social induces  suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
　　21.The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means
　　[A] identifying
　　[B] associating
　　[C] assimilating
　　[D] monopolizing
　　22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century
　　[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture.
　　[B] became intimate shops for common consumers.
　　[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.
　　[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption
　　23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.
　　[A] are resistant to homogenization.
　　[B] exert a great influence on American culture.
　　[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture.
　　[D] constitute the majority of the population.
　　24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
　　[A] To prove their popularity around the world.
　　[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.
　　[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.
　　[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.
　　25.In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is
　　[A] rewarding.
　　[B] successful.
　　[C] fruitless.
　　[D] harmful.


            
            

kysix

　　Text 2
　　Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry-William  Shakespeare-but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly  hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which  presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial  Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off  the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne  Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.
　　The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a  penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with  their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all  deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their  living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise -  making.
　　The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who  come by bus- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the  side – don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised  to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a  little sight - seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers,  the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they  spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the  hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get  out of town by nightfall.
　　The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not  contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company.  Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town  seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its  own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet  Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so  forth, and will be very expensive.
　　Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare  Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for  three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 per cent  occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of  course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.
　　It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive  away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele.  They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look  alike (though they come from all over) –lean, pointed, dedicated faces,  wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the  night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80  standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the  box office opens at 10:30 a.m.
　　26. From the first two paras , we learn that
　　A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ’ s contribution to the town’s revenue
　　B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage
　　C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms
　　D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism
　　27. It can be inferred from Para 3 that
　　A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately
　　B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers
　　C. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers
　　D. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater
　　28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that
　　A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects
　　B. Stratford has long been in financial difficulties
　　C. the town is not really short of money
　　D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid
　　29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because
　　A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending
　　B. the company is financially ill-managed
　　C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable
　　D. the theatre attendance is on the rise
　　30. From the text we can conclude that the author
　　A. is supportive of both sides
　　B. favors the townsfolk’s view
　　C. takes a detached attitude
　　D. is sympathetic

            
            

kysix

　　Text 3
　　When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something  strong happened to the large animals; they suddenly became extinct.  Smaller species survived, the large, slow-growing animals were easy  game, and were quickly hunted to extinction.
　　Now something similar could be happening in the oceans that the  seas are being over-fished has been known for years what researchers  such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things  are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries  around the world. Their methods de not attempt to estimate the actual  biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in  particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over  time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass  of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) inanes  fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of  exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then  Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative, one reason  for this is that fishing technology has improved Today’s vessels can  find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50  years ago that means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being  caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be  worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early  days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some  individuals would therefore not have been caught, since to baited hooks  would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of  fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline  fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked.  That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around  noise.
　　Dr. Myers and Dr. worm argue that their work gives a correct  baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They  believe the date support an idea current among marine biologists, that  of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to  detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they  have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That  matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that  can be cropped form a fishery comes when the biomass of a target  species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well  below that, which is a bad way to de business.
　　31、The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that
　　A、 large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment
　　B、 small species survived as large animals disappeared
　　C、 large sea animals may face the same threat today.
　　D、 Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
　　32、who can infer form Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that
　　A、 the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%
　　B、 there are only half as many fisheries are there were 15 years ago
　　C、 the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount
　　D、 the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisherish than in the old
　　33、By saying these figures are conservative (line in ,paragragf-3), Dr worm means that
　　A、 fishing technology has improved rapidly
　　B、 then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded
　　C、 the marine bio mass has suffered a greater loss
　　D、 the date collected so far are pit pf date.
　　34 、Dr Myers and other researchers hold that
　　A、people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer time
　　B、fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass
　　C、the ocean biomass should restored its original level.
　　D、people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation.
　　35、The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’
　　A、 management efficiency
　　B、 biomass level
　　C、 catch-size limits
　　D、 technological application.
            
            

kytwo

　　Text 4
　　Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest  may be this: artists' only job is to explore emotions, and yet they  choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.
　　This wasn't always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and  music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the  19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or,  worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworth's daffodils to  Baudelaire's flowers of evil.
　　You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because  modern times have seen such misery. But it's not as if earlier times  didn't know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The  reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn  happiness in the world today.
　　After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost  completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of  anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and  with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal  but an ideology.
　　People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They  worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In  the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass  medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were  in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this,  they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.
　　Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not  religious but commercial, and forever happy .Fast-food eaters, news  anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature  beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these  messages have an agenda--to lure us to open our wallets to make the  very idea of happiness seem unreliable. "Celebrate!" commanded the ads  for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase  the risk of heart attacks.
　　What we forget--what our economy depends on is forgetting--is that  happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the  greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment.  Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell  us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that  everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in  living with it. It's a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette,  yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.
　　36.By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that
　　A. Poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music.
　　B. Art grow out of both positive and negative feeling.
　　C. Poets today are less skeptical of happiness.
　　D. Artist have changed their focus of interest.
　　37. The word “bummer” (Line 5. paragraph 5) most probably means something
　　A. religious B. unpleasant C. entertaining D. commercial
　　38.In the author’s opinion, advertising
　　A. emerges in the wake of the anti-happy part.
　　B. is a cause of disappointment for the general peer
　　C. replace the church as a major source of information
　　D. creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself.
　　39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes
　　A .Happiness more often than not ends in sadness.
　　B. The anti-happy art is distasteful by refreshing.
　　C. Misery should be enjoyed rather than denied.
　　D .The anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms
　　40.Which of the following is true of the text?
　　A Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.
　　B Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.
　　C People feel disappointed at the realities of morality.
　　D mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.

            
            

kytwo

　　Part B
　　On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville,Ind, home of  David Willianis ,52,and of a riverboat casinola place where gambling  games are played .During several years of gambling in that casino  ,Williams a state auditor earning $35,000 a year ,last approximately  $175,000 . He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for  $20 worth of gambling.
　　He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left .On his second visit  he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a “Fun  Card”, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks,  and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For  Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.
　　(41) ,In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In  march 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a  time, all night, until the boat locked at 5 a.m , then went back aboard  when the casino opened at 9 a.m .Now he is suing the casino ,charging  that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was  addicted. It did know he had a problem.
　　In march 1998,a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined  to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of  Williams’s gamblers. The casinno included a photo of Williams among  those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a” cease admissions” letter  noting the “medical /psychological” nature of problem gambling  behaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to the  patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.
　　(42)
　　The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs  warning,“enjoy the fun and always bet with your head ,not over it  .”Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the  Indiana Department of Mental Health .Nevertheless Williams’s suit  charged that the casino ,knowing he was “helplessly addicted to  gambling”intentionally worked to “love” him to “engage in conduct  against his will” well.
　　(43)
　　The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of  mental Disorders says “pathological gambling ”involves president,  recurring and uncontrollable pursuit loss of money than of the thrill of  taking risks in quest of a windfall.
　　(44) , .Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is  reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral  failings as personality disorders skin to physical disabilities
　　(45)
　　Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of  these states are to varying degrees dependent on__you might say addicted  to__revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site  was created in 1995,competition for gambler’s dollars has become  intense. The Oct.28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers  patronize 1,800 virtual cosines every week, with $3.5 billion being lost  on Internet wagers this year, gambling has ,passed pornography as the  web’s webs most profitable business.
　　(A). Although no such evidence was preserved, the casino’s  marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he  entered the casino ad used his Fun Card without being detected. (B) It  is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And  in what sense was his will operative?
　　(C) By the time he had lost $5,00, he said to himself that if he  could get back to even , he would quit , one night he won $5,500 ,but he  did not quit.
　　(D) Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever,  but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease  . Now it is a social policy , the most important and aggressive  promoter of gambling in America is the government .
　　(E) David Williamds suit should trouble this gambling nation . But don’t bet on it .
　　(F) It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more  behavioral problems , often defining as addiction what earlier ,sterner  generations explained as weakness of will.
　　(G) the anoymous ,lonely ,undistracted nature of online gambling is  especaillly conductive to compulsive behavior . But even if the  government knew how to more against Internet gambling , what would be  its grounds for doing so?

            
            

kyone

　　Part C
　　Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and  considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it  is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed  that it is the intellectuals who have rejected American. But they have  done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of  intellectual. It is they, not American, who have become  anti-intellectual.
　　First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an  intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected  as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in  Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problem  consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual  questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action  which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral  information which he has obtained. (47) His function is analogous to  that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as  obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to  his decision.
　　This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as  intellectuals----the average scientist for one. 48) I have excluded him  because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of  moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any  but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he  encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine  duties--- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture  evidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to  think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a  businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of  rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will  take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.
　　The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the  fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many  intellectuals earn their living (50) They may teach very well , and more  than earn their salaries ,but most of them make little or no  independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.  This description even fits the majority eminent scholars. “Being learned  in some branch of human knowledge in one thing, living in public and  industrious thoughts”, as Emersion would say, “is something else.”
　　Section III writing
　　Part A
　　51 Directions:
　　You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to  a child in a remote area, write a letter to the department concerned,  asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of  child you want to help and how you will carry out you plan. Write your  letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2
　　Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.
　　Do not write the address. (10 points)
　　Part B
　　52 Directions: study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should:
　　1) describe the photos briefly
　　2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them ,and
　　3) give you point of view
　　You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2(20 points)
　　(图一Beckham 图二 把崇拜写在脸上，花300元做个“小贝头”
　　注：Beckham(贝克汉姆)——英国足球明星)

            
            

kythree

　　Section I   Use of English (10 points)
　　1. A     2. B    3. D   4. A   5. D   6. C   7. B   8. C   9. A    10. A
　　11. C   12. B   13. D  14. C  15. C  16. A  17. B  18. C  19. A    20. D
　　Section II   Reading Comprehension (60 points)
　　Part A (40 points)
　　21. C    22. A   23. C   24. D   25. B
　　26. A    27. B   28. C   29. D   30. D
　　31. C    32. A   33. C   34. D   35. B
　　36. D    37. B   38. D   39. B   40. A
　　Part B (10 points)
　　41. C    42. A    43. B   44. F   45. D
　　Part C (10 points)
　　46. 我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐的人。
　　47．他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。
　　48．我之所以将他（普通科学家）排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。
　　49．但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人专注于探索行业规范一样。
　　50．他们可以教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。
　　Section III  Writing (30 points)
　　51. (10 points) (略)
　　52. (10 points) (略)