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发表于 2016-7-14 17:59:32
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SectionⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
词语注释
monogamy n.一夫一妻制polygyny n.一夫多妻制
polyandry n.一妻多夫制spouse n.配偶
statistic adj.统计的prevailing adj.占据主导地位的
proportion n.比例preponderance n.优势,优越
outnumber v.比……数量多feasible adj.可行的
secure v. (本文中作动词)得到take precedence over有优先权;地位上有优势
disproportion n.不成比例ratio n.比率
immorality n.不道德compulsory adj.强迫的,强制性的;义务的
alternative n.可供选择的事物
文章概要
Para.1介绍了几种不同的婚姻形式。
Para.2尽管许多社会认可,并鼓励多个配偶的形式,但一夫一妻仍然是婚姻的主要形式,并分析了其原因。
Para.3一夫多妻多于一妻多夫的原因是生活中男人的主导地位,以及男女比例。
Para.4作者阐述了其对多种婚姻制度的观念,多夫多妻并不是不道德,一夫一妻也不是每个人都认可的。
答案点评
21. D文章开头介绍了几种不同的婚姻形式:monogamy:一夫一妻制;polygyny,一夫多妻制;polyandry:一妻多夫制(Anthropologists commonly distinguish three forms of marriage: monogamy, the marriage of one man to one woman, polygyny, the marriage of one man to two or more women, and polyandry, the marriage of one woman to two or more men.)并未提到群婚制。
22. D文章第二段介绍说,尽管很多社会都认可,甚至鼓励多个配偶的婚姻形式,但是这并不意味着在这样的社会中,这样的婚姻形式占据主导地位。因为婚姻形式要受人口比例的局限,因此即使是这样的社会,一夫一妻制也是最常见的婚姻形式。(Though there are many societies which permit, or even encourage, polygamous marriages, it does not follow, in such societies, that every married individual, or even that a majority of them, has more than one spouse. Quite the contrary is true, for in most, if not all, of so-called polygamous societies monogamy is statistically the prevailing form.)
23. B答案同样在第二段中:即使在不禁止多个配偶的婚姻方式的社会中,这样的婚姻形式只有在人口性别比例极端失调的情况下才大规模地发生。(Accordingly, even where the cultural ideals do not prohibit plural marriages, these may occur on any notable scale only societies where for one reason or another, one sex markedly outnumbers the other.)
24. C文章第三段提到,一妻多夫制相比起一夫多妻制要罕见的多。(Polyandry is much rarer than polygyny.)
25. A作者在最后一段中总结道,多个配偶的婚姻制度,正如很多其他文化的风俗习惯一样,并不像很多人认为的那样,是不道德的。我们所认可的婚姻形式,即一夫一妻制,并不是每个民族和文化都认可。在很多社会中,一夫一妻制仅仅是一种婚姻制度的可能性,多个配偶的婚姻形式虽然不如前者那么常见,但是也与之共存。(In sum, polygamy is not, as so frequently indicated, universally a result of human immorality. It is simply not true, in this aspect of culture as in many others, that people who follow patterns of culture deemed immoral in our society are thereby lacking in morality. Our ideal and compulsory pattern of marriage, which holds that monogamy is the only appropriate form of marriage, is not shared by all peoples, even by some of those who regularly practice monogamy. In a great many societies, monogamy is only one possible form of marriage, with polygyny or polyandry as perfectly possible, though less frequent, alternatives.)四个选项中,只有A. many people believe that plural marriages denote immorality of other societies(很多人认为多个配偶的婚姻形式意味着社会的不道德),和原文的最后一段意思最接近,因为那正是作者所批判的一种对其他文化所持有的态度。B. those societies that do not uphold monogamy as the dominant marriage form are immoral是错误的,因为那种态度是作者所批判的对象。C. polygyny or polyandry are possible alternative marriage forms in most societies大多数社会都接受一夫多妻或者一妻多夫制,不符合文章原意。D. the author lives in a society where plural marriages are socially accepted作者生活的社会认可一夫多妻或者一妻多夫制,从作者提供的背景来看,是错误的。
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