2019考研英语一大作文预测：社会发展热点现象类

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    2019考研英语一大作文预测：社会发展热点现象类
   
   
    【考点考向】人工智能，机器人，产业升级，就业新形势
    【必备主题词】
    1. 人工智能 artificial intelligence (AI)
    2. 自动化automation
    3. 机器人robot
    4. 工匠精神 craftsmanship spirit
    5. 技术革命 technical revolution
    6. 协同工作 cooperative work
    7. 就业机会 job opportunity
    8. 失业率 unemployment rate
    9. 高技能劳动者 Highly skilled workers
    10. 技术性失业 technological unemployment
    11. 资本性收入capital income
    12. 劳动性收入labor income
    13. 政府救济government relief
    14. 需求 requirement
    15. 效率 efficiency
    16. 促进经济增长 promote economic growth
    17. 冲击 impact
    18. 人口红利 demographic dividend
    19. 擅长 be adept at
    【必备论证素材句】
    1. 科技领袖们普遍认为，机器人将毫无争议地将取代人类的某些工作。
    Technology leaders generally believe that robots will replace some of human
jobs undoubtedly.
    2. 很多人相信，未来绝大多数失业人口依靠救济金来维持基本生活，而富人拥有并操作所有的机器人。
    Many people believe that the majority of the unemployed rely on relief
funds to maintain a basic life in the future, while the rich have all the
robots.
    3. 人工智能在几乎所有事情上都比人类更擅长，也就是说，机器人在未来将很可能取代人类。
    Artificial intelligence will be more adept at almost everything than
humans, that is, robots will likely replace humans in the future.
    4. 人工智能创造的就业机会与破坏的就业机会一样多。
    Artificial intelligence creates as many job opportunities as it
disrupts.
    5.
从人工智能中获益最多的行业，是那些复杂的、创造性的行业,包括：教育、科学、IT、设计等等。将会受到人工智能冲击的行业是：金融、保险、零售、建设、公共管理、运输和制造业。
    The industries that benefit the most from artificial intelligence are those
complex and creative industries, including education, science, IT, design, etc.
Industries that will be negatively influenced by AI are finance, insurance,
retail, construction, public administration, transportation, and
manufacturing.
    6.
一方面，技术进步通过提高劳动生产率、促进经济增长，制造新的产品和市场来创造新的就业机会;另一方面，人工智能可以实现更大规模的自动化，替代部分人力工作。
    On the one hand, technological advancement creates new employment
opportunities by increasing labor productivity, promoting economic growth, and
creating new products and markets; on the other hand, artificial intelligence
can achieve greater automation and replace some of the human work.
    7. 在人工智能以多种形式取代人的工作背景下， 人工智能到底是就业 “杀手”还是 “助手”，引发了各方的讨论。
    In the context of artificial intelligence replacing people in various
forms, whether artificial intelligence is a job “killer” or “helper” has
triggered discussion among the parties.
    8. 被机器人取代并不意味着大量失业， 因为新的就业岗位将被创造出来。 人们应该提升工作技能来应对即将到来的就业大变迁时代。
    Being replaced by robots does not mean massive unemployment, because new
jobs will be created. People should improve their work skills to cope with the
upcoming era of major employment changes.
    9. 对企业而言， 虽然人口红利逐渐消失，但通过细化工作内容，使用人工智能技术机器人替代人力岗位的 “技术红利” 与
“机器人红利”，可极大降低成本。
    For enterprises, although the demographic dividend is disappearing
gradually, by using the robot to replace the “technical dividend” and “robot
bonus” of the labor force, the cost can be greatly reduced.
    10. 智能机器不是代替人，而是要协助人做好工作。人和机器各有优势，要互相了解才能实现人机协作，但人还是人机关系的主导者。
    Smart machines are not a substitute for people, but to help people do their
jobs. People and machines have their own advantages. It is necessary to
understand each other to achieve human-machine collaboration, but people are
still the dominant players in human-machine relations.
    【实战演练】
    Directions:
    Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your
essay, you should
    1) describe the drawing briefly,
    2) explain its intended meaning, and
    3) give your comments.
    You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
   

1545027857330729.jpg

    助手还是对手
    As is vividly portrayed in the cartoon, a yellow robot is grabbing a rice
bowl from a worker which writes "jobs" on it, while the worker is panicked and
helpless. Under the picture there are some eye-catching words reading that
"assistant or opponent", leaving an indelible impression on many people.
    Hundreds of years ago, people worried that the industrial revolution would
make a large number of unemployment. But history has proved that the new
technological upheaval has not led to massive joblessness; rather it has
renovated the social division of labor and made the industry more efficient.
Therefore, commanding robots to do low-efficiency and low-value-added work, such
as dirty, dangerous, and labor-intensive work, is a very practical requirement.
On the other hand, as the productivity promotes, many new jobs will be created
and people will have more time to do creative work, such as education, culture
and art.
    Obviously, artificial intelligence and automation are an irresistible trend
in social development. As a college student, first of all, being an
intellectual, we have an advantage in this new technological upgrading.
Secondly, we should always pay attention to the development of AI, learn to
utilize frontier technology to enhance our major, and get used to working with
artificial intelligence or robots in our future career. Finally, diligence and
craftsmanship are not outdated at all times, and only hard work can be
invincible.
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