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[答案]2014年考研英语答案
[解析]2014年考研英语真题答案名师解析
[下载]2014年考研英语真题及答案下载
2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(二)试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank
and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that
normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to
those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being
overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to
develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being
somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.
Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very
difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI
___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to
25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And
over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately
obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.
While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably
less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact
extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many
collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their
percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high
body fat but a 13 BMI.
Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are
sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with
obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for
success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor
biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the
overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.
1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured
2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome
3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore
4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example
5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern
6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of
7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies
8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part
9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward
10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless
11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste
12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay
13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant
14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency
15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored
16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated
17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only
18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded
19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies
20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by
choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie,
an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in
Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she
hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she
could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.
These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the
most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great
wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet
satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was
once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to
spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips,
unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more
valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling
more connected to others.
This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery
winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would
be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with
friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average
American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for
it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing
things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed
sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability
of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into
an object of obsession.
Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about
fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in
wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link
between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and
poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things
for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which
range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American
homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money
well spent。
21.According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most
rewarding purchase?
[A]A big house
[B]A special tour
[C]A stylish car
[D]A rich meal
22.The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is
[A]critical
[B]supportive
[C]sympathetic
[D]ambiguous
23.Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that
[A]consumers are sometimes irrational
[B]popularity usually comes after quality
[C]marketing tricks are after effective
[D]rarity generally increases pleasure
24.According to the last paragraph,Happy Money
[A]has left much room for readers’criticism
[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us
[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement
25.This text mainly discusses how to
[A]balance feeling good and spending money
[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries
[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries
Text 2
An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research
says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a
deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number
of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average
effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate
ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on
well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.
We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations.
We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to
boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.
Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying
into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate
their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original
photogragh of themselves’ from a lineup including versions that had been altered
to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an
automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or
no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely
flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they
looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there
any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants
who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to
make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images
higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those
who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the
findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley.
“It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If
you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ‘s
study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves
Viscerally-on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as
themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can
share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty,
intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says
catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,”but they portray an idealized
version of themselves.
26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that
______.
[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high
[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect
[C] our need for leadership is unnatural
[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective
27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______
[A] rapid watching
[B] conscious choice
[C] intuitive response
[D] automatic self-defence
28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______
[A] underestimate their insecurities
[B] believe in their attractiveness
[C] cover up their depressions
[D] oversimplify their illusions
29.The word “Viscerally”(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to_____.
[A]instinctively
[B]occasionally
[C]particularly
[D]aggressively
30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because
people can _____.
[A]present their dishonest profiles
[B]define their traditional life styles
[C]share their intellectual pursuits
[D]withhold their unflattering sides
Text 4
When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy
the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom
mentioned.
Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We
have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute
to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It
is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project,
so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the
most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically
charged.
Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists
increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.
The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government
to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take
some steps to address our urgent housing need.
There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The
communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of
the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount
that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence
shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the
cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.
Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental
environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered
providers to fund new developments from revenues.
But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be
welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5bn
programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015,is
unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced
that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if returns to
power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever
return to era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing
climate.
36. The author believes that the housing sector__
[A] has attracted much attention
[B] involves certain political factors
[C] shoulders too much responsibility
[D] has lost its real value in economy
37. It can be learned that affordable housing has__
[A] increased its home supply
[B] offered spending opportunities
[C] suffered government biases
[D] disappointed the government
38. According to Paragraph 5,George Osborne may_______.
[A] allow greater government debt for housing
[B] stop local authorities from building homes
[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt
[D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast
39.It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_______.
[A]lower the costs of registered providers
[B]lessen the impact of government interference
[C]contribute to funding new developments
[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities
40.The author believes that after 2015,the government may______.
[A]implement more policies to support housing
[B]review the need for large-scale public grants
[C]renew the affordable housing grants programme
[D]stop generous funding to the housing sector
Section III Translation
Directions:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your
translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s
perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that
positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in
touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben-
Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen,
but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after
giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds
himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less
effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture,
leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally,
there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of
life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an
apartment with John, a local student. Write him to email to
1)tell him about your living habits, and
2)ask for advice about living there.
You should write about 100 words on answer sheet.
Do not use your own name.
Part B
48. Directions:
Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
You should
interpret the chart, and
give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)
4985138888617044733.jpg
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发表于 2018-12-8 12:34:25