2019MTI考研英语语法常考语法总结

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    　　1. 虚拟条件句
    虚拟条件句，顾名思义，是在一个虚拟假想的条件下，来描述说话人想象的、非真实的情景，这些情景是不可能发生的，与客观事实相反的。我们可以将对现在、过去、将来这三种情况进行虚拟的情况进行分析。
    1.l 对现在/一般事实进行虚拟
    [例句] If I could rearrange the alphabet， I’d put U and I together.
    [解析] 字母表排序是固定不变的，字母 U 和 I 不在一起，这里要表达与这一事实相反的情形，所以用虚拟语气。
    [译文] 如果能重新把字母表排序，我一定会把 U 和 I 这两个字母放在一起。
    [例句] I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were
stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.
Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight;Silence would teach him the
joys of sound.
    [解析] 这是 Helen Keller(1880～1968)一篇文章中的句子。表达一个与一般事实相反的假设情形。
    [译文]
我常常想：如果每一个人在生活早期都要遭受几天眼睛失明、耳朵失聪，那可能是一种福气!黑暗会使他更加珍惜视觉;寂静无声能教会他欣赏声音的美妙。
    1.2 对过去事实进行虚拟
    真题再现
    [例句] It would have been just as satisfactory if I had stayed at home. I
learned nothing in class.
    [译文] 如果我待在家里不去上课还更好些，因为我在课堂上什么也学不到。
    [例句] Tourism is an odd thing. You fly off to a strange land，eagerly
abandoning all the comforts of home, and then expend time and money in a futile
attempt to recapture the comforts that you wouldn’t have lost if you hadn’t left
home in the first place.
    [解析] 这是表示对过去事实的虚拟。
    [例句] If you hadn’t contacted Jerry Brown until recently, you’ d think the
photograph on the right was strange.(1993 年语法)
    [译文] 要是你直到最近才和 Jerry 联系的话，你一定会认为右边这张照片很奇怪。
    7.1.3 对将来进行虚拟
    [例句] Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each
day as if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the
values of life.
    [解析] 我们看到，从句表将来虚拟，用了情态动词 should，也可以用 were to do。
    [译文] 我时常会想，如果我们能以明天就要告别这个世界的态度来度过每一天的话，那一定是极好的，这种心态会让每一个人珍视生命的价值。
    7.1.4 倒装虚拟句
    当 if 条件句中有助动词 should, had 或 were 时，可以省去 if,而将 should，had 或 were
置于句首，从而构成倒装虚拟句，意义不变。
    真题再现
    [ 例 句 ] For example: they do not compensate for gross social inequality ，
and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had
he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
    [解析] 这是对过去的虚拟。倒装结构 had he grown 相当于 if he had grown。
    [译文] 例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公;因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境中成长的话，会有多大才干。