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ship词缀构成的单词在考研试题中的考查

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发表于 2018-11-21 19:59:14 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  考研英语准备之路道远且长,但是千里之行始于足下,不管多难的英语最初都要从词汇开始,那么考研英语词汇数量不小,很多同学拿着单词书迟迟啃不完,经常总是停留在书的前几页,今天,跟随中公考研一起学习一下ship这一词缀构成的单词在考研试题中的考查吧~
  ship本身作为单词,有两层词性,分别为名词和动词,名词的意思是船只,动词的意思为运输。而从构词法角度,ship一词作为后缀,常与名词搭配构成抽象名词,作为词缀ship有以下几层意思:1)1.表示情况、状态、性质、关系,the quality or condition or being ... or the relation between ...;2)表示身份、职位、资格、权限, the status, position, qualification or power;3)表示技艺、技能、...法、...术,the act or skill of ... 在历届考研试题中,ship做后缀构成的单词很多,ship的意思也很丰富,接下来本文从考研试题的角度分析一下ship这个后缀在构词中的应用。
  例1: 1)And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed. (1998 Text1)
  2)In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” (2014 Text 4)
  这两个例句中出现的ship词缀相关的单词分别为hardship以及scholarship。这两个单词的后缀ship都是表示情况、状态、性质、关系,hardship指的就是困难的这种情况,所以它的意思为艰难状况,艰难,困苦;scholarship指的就是学者或者是有学识的人的状态,它的意思就是学术,学识。所以在理解这一类的单词时,只需要识别词干的意思,整个单词的理解相对来说就很简单。重点就是ship这个后缀的几层意思要充分理解。
  例2: 3)Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. (2011 Part B)
  4)Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. (2013 Text 4)
  这组例句中出现的ship后缀都是表示身份、职位、资格、权限,所以professorship指的是能够成为教授的资格,或者教授这一职位;citizenship指的是公民的身份,或者能够成为公民的这一资格。这一类的词还包括lordship(贵族身份),studentship(学生身份),doctorship(博士学位),sonship(儿子身份),heirship (继承权) 等等。
  例3: 5)15. In 1964, Bobby Moore was made ________. (2004 Part C)
  [C] a medalist for his sportsmanship(A)
  6)Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmanship. (1992 Text 1)
  这两组句子涉及到的ship这个词缀的第三层意思,表示技艺、技能、...法、...术,所以sportsmanship指的是运动员具有的技术,技巧,即运动技术,boatmanship指的是船上的人具有的技能,即船艺,操船技术。词缀意思相同的词还有craftsmanship(技艺,技术),workmanship(技艺,工艺)。
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