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Being a man hasalways been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for
every 100 females,but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity,
and among70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great
universal ofmale mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as
well as girlsdo. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of
boys inthose crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important,
anotherchance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the
chance of ababy(particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A
kilogram toolight or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost
nodifference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent
ofevolution has gone。
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive,but have
fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except insome
religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays thenumber of
births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us haveroughly the
same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and theopportunity
for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what
is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the greatcities and poverty
for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity oftoday―everyone being
the same in survival and number of offspring meansthat natural selection has
lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class Indiacompared to the tribes。
For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopiahas
arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No otherspecies
fills so many places in nature. But in the past 100,000 years—even thepast 100
years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did notevolve,
because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase todescribe those
ignorant of evolution: “they look at anorganic being as average looks at a ship,
as at something wholly beyond hiscomprehension。” No doubt we will remember a
20th century way of life beyondcomprehension for its ugliness. But however
amazed our descendants may be athow far from Utopia we were, they will look just
like us。
15. What used to be the danger in being a man according to thefirst
paragraph?
[A]A lack of mates。
[B]A fierce competition。
[C]A lower survival rate。
[D]A defective gene。
16. What does the example of India illustrate?
[A]Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people。
[B]Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor。
[C]The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of thetribes。
[D]India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate。
17. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving
because____。
[A]life has been improved by technological advance
[B]the number of female babies has been declining
[C]our species has reached the highest stage of evolution
[D]the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing
18. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
[A]Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution
[B]Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution
[C]The Evolutionary Future of Nature
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发表于 2018-11-17 13:03:22