考研英语中同位语从句和定语从句的区别

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　　同位语从句和定语从句在考研英语中经常会考查到，这些从句的出现也会使一个句子变长变难变复杂，它们看起来也非常相似，所以有很多同学都难以区分同位语从句和定语从句，今天中公考研英语老师就带着大家深入了解一下同位语从句和定语从句的区别，以便大家在今后的学习中对句子的成分分析更加清晰。
　　首先，同位语从句中连接词that在句子中不作句子成分，没有具体含义，只起连接作用，它的作用可以解释为一个冒号；而定语从句中的that是关系代词，它在句子中是充当成分的。同位语从句和定语从句的区别具体如下：
　　1. 被修饰的词不同：同位语从句的前面一般是表示抽象意义的名词（通常有：news, idea, fact, promise, question, doubt, thought, hope, massage, suggestion, possibility, order, truth, proposal, belief）；而定语从句的先行词一般指人或指物。例如：
　　However, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. （2009年Text 3）【同位语从句】
　　Homeless individuals manage to find a shelter that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night. （2006年完形）【定语从句】
　　2. 从句的作用不同：同位语从句表示的是先行词的具体内容；定语从句是对先行词的限制、描绘或说明。
　　Instead, the studies ended up giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. （2010年完形）【同位语从句】
　　Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. （2003年完形）【定语从句】
　　3. 引导词的作用不同：引导同位语的that是连词，在从句中不作成分；而引导定语从句的that为关系代词，从从句中作成分。
　　The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. （2011年Text 3）【同位语从句】
　　Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. （2008年Text 4）【定语从句】
　　4. 判断同位语从句和定语从句的方法：同位语从句可以转换成先行词的表语，因为同位语从句是用来说明被修饰的名词的具体内容的；而定语从句则不能这样转换。
　　A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears. （2005年Text 3）【同位语从句】
　　Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. （2004年完形）【定语从句】
　　以上就是中公考研英语老师为大家整理的同位语从句和定语从句的区别，看完这几点，你能分清楚这两者之间的区别了吗？大家只要记住以上几点，在实际做题中多分析例句，就能够迎刃而解了。希望以上几点对各位学子有帮助。