2017考研英语语法时态详解之过去完成时

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语法对于考研英语来说尤为重要，可以说是贯穿始终，纵然没有具体明确的题目对考生进行语法考查，但熟练掌握语法是取得考研英语高分的必要条件。小编整理了关于考研英语语法时态的系列文章，以下是2017考研英语语法时态详解之过去完成时，希望能对大家的复习有帮助!

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过去完成时
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语：Before,by the end of last year (term,month…)，etc.
3.基本结构：主语+had + p.p(过去分词)+其它
4.否定形式：主语+had + not +p.p(过去分词)+其它
5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。
6.例句：
As soon as we got to the station,the train had left
.当我们到车站的时候，火车已经开走了。
By the end of last month,we had reviewed four books
.到上个月底，我们已经复习了四本书。
基本结构：主语+had+p.p(过去分词)+其它
①肯定句：主语+ had+p.p(过去分词)+其它
②否定句：主语+ had+ not+p.p(过去分词)+其它
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+p.p(过去分词)+其它
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
一律用had + 过去分词构成。
用法：
1)表示发生在过去某一时间或动作之前的事情，即“过去的过去”。用过去完成时，必须有一个过去的时间或动作来作参照，说明在此之前某事已发生。如果两个动作都是在过去发生的，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。例如：
She told me she had been there three times before. 她告诉我她以前到过那里三次。(“去过”发生在“告诉”之前)
How long had he taught here by the end of last term? 到上学期末为止，他在这里教学多长时间啦? (“教学”发生在上学期末结束之前)
When we arrived, the football match had already begun. 我们到的时候，足球赛已经开始了。
She had visited China twice before she came this year. 她今年来中国之前已访问过中国两次了。
2)过去完成时动词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续到过去这一时刻或将继续下去。例如：
By the middle of last month, I had lived in Beijing for five years. 到上月中旬，我已在北京住了五年了。
By six o’clock they had worked for eight hours. 到六点为止，他们已工作八小时了。
When I came to Shanghai, he had been there for a long time. 我到上海时，他在那里很长时间了。
3)过去完成时动词常用于间接引语和虚拟语气，我们以后会详细讲述。
4)此外，过去完成时常用于 no sooner…than… 和 hardly(scarcely) …when… 这两个句型，前面部分用过去完成时，后面部分用一般过去时。例如：
No sooner had he stolen the purse than he was caught red-handed. = He had no sooner stolen the purse than he was caught red-handed. 他刚偷到钱包就被当场抓获。
Saddam had hardly realized what was happening when he was captured. = Hardly had Saddam realized what was happening when he was captured. 萨达姆还没有意识到在发生什么事情就被抓获了。