考研英语阅读真题剖析2003-Text 3（二）

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阅读在考研英语试卷中占据着举足轻重的地位，2019考研学子们一定要对考研英语阅读真题文章进行全方位解读，文都考研英语老师为大家进行2003年第三篇阅读文章和真题的剖析，希望大家能够对这篇文章有充分的认知和了解。
2003年Text 3文章是一篇关于铁路公司合并可能引起垄断的文章。本文结构为明显的总—分—总结构：第一段开篇点题，最后一段对全文进行总结，都属于综述部分，中间部分则进行详细论述。
Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.
The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such "captive" shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.
【长难句分析】
Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.
分析：该句是由but引导的两个分句。其中第一个分句的主干是Shippers ... have the right to appeal to ... for ...，其中，主语shippers后接who引导的定语从句。第二个分句又包含两个由and连接的并列谓语，第一个谓语为系表结构（两个表语分别为expensive和time consuming），第二个谓语为will work。
参考译文：如果客户感到他们被多收费，他们有权上诉到联邦政府的“陆路运输局”以争取价格下调，但这个过程既耗财又耗时，并且只有在真正极端特殊的情况下才有作用。
52. What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?
[A] Indifferent.
[B] Supportive.
[C] Indignant.
[D] Apprehensive.
【题目分析】
题型分析：态度题。注意：本题考查的是文中提到的某类人的态度而非作者本人的态度。文章第二段提到客户对合并的反映是抱怨，认为铁路公司会“掐他们的脖子”。但是，对于客户来说，垄断引起的大幅涨价并未真正到来，所以他们目前的态度应该是“忧虑”，而不是C选项 “愤怒”。第五段首句的 worry 和末句的fear 也证明了这一点。因此选项D为正确答案，其他两个选项干扰性很小。
知识点补充：apprehensive是个多义词，意思可以是“有理解力的，能够迅速领悟的”，也可以如文中，表示“担心的，忧虑的，不安的”。
53. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that ________.
[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad
[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide
[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief
[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business
【题目分析】
题型分析：段落推断题。第三段末句谈到“申诉手续繁琐、耗钱、耗时，最终还不一定能够成功”，暗示多数客户不太可能为收费高而申诉，因此C选项为正确答案。
本题可以使用排除法进行做题：A选项与文意完全相反，因为没有竞争，铁路公司将高收费，而不是少收费（本段第2句）。B选项显然与事实不符，干扰在于文章说“most shippers are served by only one rail company”。D选项无法从本段推出，因为文中提到的 Surface Transportation Board 虽然可以管理价格问题的申诉，但是没有提及是否可以保证公平。
以上为文都教育的英语老师为大家进行的2003年第三篇阅读文章的部分解析，希望大家能够对这篇文章有进一步深刻的理解和认识。