考研英语（二）历年真题阅读要点之2010-Text 4（二）

考研族

　　历年考研英语（二）真题较少，但是不可掉以轻心，一定要合理利用。为了帮助大家更好地复习，文都教育考研英语老师为各位同学梳理一下历年考研英语（二）真题阅读文章中涉及的要点，包括词汇、短语、长难句以及简单的阅读方法。接下来看一下2010年考研英语（二）真题阅读Text 4，这篇文章主要探讨了美国陪审团制度的历史和发展。
　　The system also failed to regularly include women ... Although ... it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty... exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have ... This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.
　　fail to do“没能做某事”；although“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，我们要重点关注主句部分；a majority of“大多数”；eligible“合格的，有资格当选的”；exempt from“免除”；unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句；personally“亲自地”；ask to do“请求做某事”；justify“证明...合理”；claim“声称”；be unrepresentative of“不代表”。
　　In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.
　　congress“国会”；pass“通过”；act“法案”，相当于bill；usher in“引进”；era“时代，纪元”；reform“改革”，也可以充当动词；abolish“废除，取消”；special educational requirement“特殊教育需求”；federal“联邦的”；require sb. to do“要求某人做某事”；entire“整个的，全体的”；landmark“有重大意义或影响的”，也可以表示“里程碑，划时代的事”；decision“决议”；the Supreme Court“最高法院”；extend to“延伸，扩展”；be representative of“代表”；state level“州政府层面”；declare“宣称”；sex discrimination“性别歧视”；unconstitutional“违反宪法的”；order“命令”；male“男性的”，female“女性的”。
　　以上就是文都教育考研英语老师为大家梳理的2010年考研英语(二)真题阅读Text 4后两段的要点。与英语（一）不同，英语（二）是一套针对专硕的试卷。虽然到目前为止只有八套真题，但是如果将其研究透彻，各位同学的考试成绩就可以有基本的保障。因此，大家一定要重视真题，把握其内在规律，有针对性地复习。