2015考研英语长难句——省略结构

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　　汉语偏短句，英语多长句。考研英语的完形填空、阅读理解和英译汉中充斥着大量令人望而生畏的长难句。从某种意义上来说，征服考研英语就是要征服长难句。而在英语长难句中，多种特殊的复杂结构常常又如影随形。今天，跨考教育考研辅导老师总结了英语长难句的特殊结构之一——省略结构，帮大家轻松识别省略成分，掌握省略结构的分析。
　　1. 并列结构
　　省略最常见于并列结构中。
　　定义：两个或两个以上、由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来的语法结构叫做并列结构。
　　2. 并列连词
　　英语有三个主要的并列连词：and, or, but
　　关联并列连词：both…and, either…or, not…but, not…nor, neither…nor, not only…but also
　　近似并列连词：as well as, as much as, rather than, more than
　　三个词项：nor, so, yet
　　3. 并列结构中的省略现象
　　并列结构中，常常发生省略的现象，后一个分句与前一个分句相同的句子成分可以省去，也可以省略连词。
　　a. 共同主语的省略
　　(1) The town offers better cultural advantages than (it) has been generally supposed.
　　(2) As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and (information) will be trustworthy and reliable.
　　b. 共同主动词、助动词或情态动词的省略
　　(3) John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
　　(4) John should clean the shed and Peter (should) mow the lawn.
　　(5) Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression (can be) controlled, cataracts (can be) removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.
　　(6) He drives faster than you (do).
　　(7) She plays with him as a cat (plays) with a mouse.
　　c. 共同主语、谓语的省略
　　(8) It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada (death is) inevitable and in California (death is) optional.
　　(9) Tom hates him as much as (he hates) me.
　　(10) I have always lived more in the future than (I have lived) in the present.
　　d. 共同主动词及其补足成分的省略
　　(11) Gorge will take the course and Bob might (take the course) too.
　　(12) John was the winner in 1989, and Bob (was the winner) in 1990.
　　e. 共同表语的省略
　　(13) They were as anxious as he was (anxious).
　　(14) He is a better man (that) you’ll ever be.
　　4. 省略句的处理
　　并列结构的省略中，往往第一个分句结构完整;因此，理解并列结构中的省略句时，首先找出并列成分，并参照并列的第一个分句的句子结构和成分将其他分句补充完整。
　　Notes: 1. 为了句子的简洁，并列句中常常引起省略。因此在阅读句子时，看见并列连词要考虑是否发生了省略;
　　2. 需要指出，由and连接并列成分除表示语义并列以外，还可表示其他意义。例如：
　　He is Jack of all trades and master of none. (表转折)
　　He heard a cry for help, and he rushed out of the house. (表因果)
　　Think it over again and you’ll find a way out. (表结果)
　　Mary likes music and Jim is fond of sports. (表对比)
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