名词或代词
(用主格形式，起逻辑主语的作用)+
(非谓语动词（非谓语动词独立主格结构）形容词、副词、介词短语作状语;逻辑谓语作用) |
不定式
(不定式”独立主格结构”) | 不定式通常表示尚未发生或即将要发生的动作
1.不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式用主动形式,可用一个从句或并列分句表达
Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week.
(如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周)
2.动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，动词不定式则用被动形式
We divided the work, he to dean the window and I to sweep the floor. (我们分了工，他擦窗户，我扫地) |
| |
ing分词 | 1.表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. (每个人都准备好后，老师开始上课)
(相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone was ready)
2.表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. (由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞) (相当于一个原因状语从句Because the boy led the way)
3.表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.(时间允许的话，我们下星期将进行一次野炊)
4.表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.(学生们快乐地在学校里走着,每个人胸前都带着一张卡)(相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest） |
| | 过去
分词 | 过去分词通常表示被动意
Everyone helped, John not excepted. (大家都来帮忙，约翰也不例外) |
| | 形容词 | The ground muddy, we should be careful. (地面泞泥，我们应该小心) |
| | 副词 | 主要是over, on, off, up, down等这类小品词，一般不用-ly这类方式副词
The class over, we all went out to play. (下课后，我们都出去玩) |
| | 介词
短语 | Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. (手里拿着眼镜，他问他的眼镜哪去了)
He was waiting, his eyes on her back. (他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影) |
| | 名词 | His first shot failure，he fired again. (他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪) |
介词with/ without +名词或代词 +
非谓语动词、形容词、副词、介词短语
With/without +宾语+宾语的补足语 | 不定式 | With so much work to do, the manager felt very worried. (这么多工作要做，经理觉得很焦急) |
| | ing分词 | Don’t brush your teeth with water running. (不要在刷牙时让水流着) |
| | 过去
分词 | With the road blocked, they had to turn back and ran round it in another way.
(由于道路被堵,他们不得不转身从另一条路绕过去) |
| | 形容词 | He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open. (他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉) |
| | 副词 | He left the office with the lights on. (他离开了办公室，让灯亮着) |
| | 介词
短语 | The engineer came with a notebook in his hand. (那个工程师手里拿着笔记本过来) |
发表于 2018-9-29 20:44:25