考研英语阅读：多项对应题解题步骤实例讲解

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　​　对于考生来说，如何应对处理细节题对于考研英语成败至关重要，而它的考察本质上在于定位以及理解。所以，能否快速准确定位至关重要。谈到定位答案，首先需要利用题文同序这一原则定位到大概的段落，接着就需要利用关键信息来定位到具体的句子。许多考生在做题的过程中也有所感觉，绝大部分情况下都是利用题干中的关键信息来定位答案。当题干中同时含有多个关键信息时，需要同时利用来定位，原文中信息吻合最多的地方就是答案的所在地。
　　接下来，就通过考研英语阅读中的真题来说明如何利用题干中的多个关键信息解题，即多项对应题。下面两道题目来自2012年考研英语一：
　　Come on—Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good—drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.
　　Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as Love Life recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.
　　The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. “Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers—teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
　　21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as
　　[A] a supplement to the social cure.
　　[B] a stimulus to group dynamics.
　　[C] an obstacle to social progress.
　　[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors.
　　22. Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should
　　[A] recruit professional advertisers.
　　[B] learn from advertisers’ experience.
　　[C] stay away from commercial advertisers.
　　[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements.
　　首先来看第21题，题干中已经明确，答案就在第一段中。然后题干中的名词短语peer pressure是一个关键信息，但是大家会发现其在第一段中出现了三次（第二句话，第三句话中的it也指peer pressure，以及第四句话），答案就在这三句话中。接着题干中还有一个关键信息often，再去这三个句子中定位会发现often就对应第三句话中的usually，利用这两个关键信息答案就锁定在了It usually leads to no good—drinking, drugs and casual sex.。答案很明显就是选项D。
　　上面那道题目利用了题干中的两组关键信息锁定了答案，22题也是一道细节题，采用同样的解题思路。首先，利用题文同序，答案在第一段之后。题干中的人名Rosenberg是一个关键信息，回文定位会发现其在第二段，第三段都反复出现。然后题干中还有public-health advocates这样一个关键信息，这种中间有连字符的词组很难去同义替换，所以很容易找到它就出现在第三段中。结合第三个关键信息should，很明显就对应三段末句的ought to。定位在这句话后，很多同学还是可能会选错答案，就在于对take a page from 表示“向……学习”不熟悉。很明显答案就是选项B。
　　通过上面两个题目，相信大家对于多项对应题的解题思路已经比较清晰，即首先利用题文同序定位到段落，然后利用题干中的多个关键信息定位，信息吻合最多的地方就是答案所在地，然后理解即可，正确答案基本上都是与原文信息的同义替换。