2019考研翻译硕士MTI语法之——虚拟语气(4)

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以下是新东方在线为大家整理的“2019考研翻译硕士MTI语法之——虚拟语气(4)”，以供广大考生参考，希望对你们有所帮助。
    在MTI考试中，虚拟语气是一个非常重要的语法考察点，是很多语法单选的命题之处，在翻译和阅读中也经常能够用到虚拟语气，但是很多同学对于虚拟语气一直含糊，今天我们继续给大家讲解虚拟语气。
    but for 和but that都意为“若不是....”
    ① but for = without + 名词
    ② but that + 从句(陈述语气，真实情况)
    But for和but that是从句部分，主句的虚拟如下：
    主句谓语
    与现在事实相反 主语 + should /would /could /might + do
    与过去事实相反 主语 + should /would /could /might+ have +done
    与将来事实相反的假设 主语 + should /would /could /might + do
    2、用分词短语(可理解成if条件状语从句的省略)
    例(1)Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test.
    = If I had been given more time, I would have been able to finish the
test.
    如果多给我点时间，我就能够完成任务。
    (2)Born in better times, he would have been a scholar.
    = If he had been born in better times, he would have been a scholar.
    如果出生在好的时代，他早就成为学者了。
    (3)通过上下文语境来代替if 条件从句
    例如：We would have won the game. (if something unexpected had not
happened)
    括号里面的信息通过上下文暗示得知。二、名词性从句的虚拟
    含有标志词的名词性从句，从句谓语动词用should+do
    即，表示命令/ 建议/ 要求的名词，形容词或者动词 + that引导的名词性从句，从句用should+do, should可以省略。
    标志词：ask，require，request，demand，pray，insist，desire，maintain，propose，suggest，urge，advise，recommend，command，order，arrange，decide等
    例：(1)I suggest that we should go tomorrow.
    我建议我们明天走。
    (2)I suggested that we should go the next day.
    我当时建议我们第二天走。
    Suggest是标志词，不论用什么时态，后面一直都是should go。
    (3)My opinion is that we (should) review their proposal right no
    (4)He made the request that the problem (should) be settled at once.
    (5)It's necessary (that) we (should) start to do the work right away.
    (6)It is a pity that she (should) call black white.
    其他所有的should都理解成“应该”，例6中的should理解成“竟然”。
    注意：
    (1)当“insist” 表示：
    ①坚持某一观点，用虚拟语气。
    ②表示坚持某一事实，坚持已经发生的事情时，用陈述语气。
    (2)suggest表示：
    ①建议时用虚拟语气。
    ②“暗示、表明”，用陈述语气。
    ①他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。
    The smile on his face suggested(表明) that he was satisfied with our
work.
    ②那个人坚持说他没有偷钱。
    The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.