2019考研：MTI翻译硕士考研英语词汇复习笔记lesson4(4)

考研网

以下是新东方在线为大家整理的“2019考研：MTI翻译硕士考研英语词汇复习笔记lesson4(4)”的相关内容，希望对考研的同学有所帮助，一起来看看吧!
    　　1、botch(vt) spoil sth by poor or clumsy work;repair sth badly
(笨手笨脚的)弄坏某事物， 把某事物修理的很糟 ～ sth up
    The mechanic tried to repair my car， but he really botched it up。那个技工想把我的
汽车修好，可是他一修更糟了。
    ◎ botcher(n)笨手笨脚的人
    ★ ruin(vt)cause the destruction of sb/sth 毁坏，毁灭某人/某事物
    He ruined his prospects by carelessness。他因疏忽大意而断送了前途
    (n、U)severe damage or destruction 毁坏、毁灭，灭亡
    The news meant the ruin of all our hopes。这消息使我们的一切希望都破灭了。
    (n、U)毁坏、破产等的原因;祸根
    (n、U)破败、坍塌、毁坏的状态
    The capital was fallen into ruin。城堡已经破败不堪。
    (习语)in ruins 严重受损、破败不堪
    A earthquake left the whole town in ruins 那次地震过后，全城到处都是残垣断壁。
    ★ spoil(vt，pt pp spoilt)make sth useless，valueless or unsatisfactory;ruin
毁掉、损坏、 破坏、糟蹋某事物
    The new road has completely spoiled the character of the village。新修的路彻底毁
掉了那个村庄的特色。
    (vt)harm the character of (esp a child)by lack of descipline or too
mach
    generosity，attention，praise，etc 娇惯、宠坏、溺爱(尤指儿童)
    That little girl is terribly spoilt。那个小女孩真惯的不象话
    (vi)(指食物)变坏，变质，腐败
    Some kind of food soon spoil 有些食物容易变质
    (习语)be spoilt for choice 因供选择的事物太多而无从下手
    ◎ spoilage(n)(食物等的)变坏、变质、腐烂
    2、chafe(vi)become irritated or impatient because of sth(因某事物)恼怒或不耐烦
～ at/under sth
        The passengers sat chafing at the long delay
乘客们因为长时间的耽误而坐的很不耐烦。
    (v)(cause sth to)become sore by rubbing (使某物)因摩擦而疼痛
    His shirt collar chafed his neck 他的衬衫领口把脖子磨腾了。
    (n)(皮肤受磨擦的)疼处
    ★ abrade(vt)wear away(skin，fabric，rock，etc)by rubbing;scrape off 磨损(表皮、
织物、岩石等);刮除
    ◎ abrasion(n)刮除、磨损、擦掉;擦伤处
    ◎ abrasive(adj)有研磨作用的，粗糙的;伤人感情的，粗鲁的
    ★ scrape(vt) make (a surface，etc)clean，level or smooth by drawing a sharp
tool or sth rough across it 擦净、削平、磨光(某物) ～ sth down/out/off
    She is scraping the path clear of snow 她正在把路上的积雪铲掉。
    (vt)remove(mud，grease，paint，etc)in this way 除掉(泥、油渍、油漆等) ～
    sth from/off sth ～ sth away/off
    scrape the dust off 把锈刮去
    (vt)injure or damage sth by rubbing with sth rough，sharp 擦伤或刮坏某物 ～
    sth against/on/along sth
    I scraped the side of my car against a wall。我的汽车车身蹭墙被划坏了。
    (vt)remove(skin，paint，etc)accidentally in this way 擦伤、刮坏(皮肤，油漆等) ～ sth
from/off sth ～ sth away/off
    I must have scraped some of the paint off when I was parking the car 我准是停放汽
车的时候刮掉了一些油漆。
        3、dissipate(v)(cause sth to)scatter or vanish
(使某事物)消散、消失
    Her son’s letter dissipated all her fears and anxiety
她儿子的来信消除了她一切恐惧和焦虑。
    (vt)waste(time，money，etc)foolishly 浪费(时间、金钱等)
    ◎ dissipation(n，U)驱散、消散;浪费
    ★ scatter(v)(cause people or animals to)move，usu quickly，in different
directions (使 人或动物)散开
    The police scattered the crowd。警察驱散了人群。
    (vt)throw sth in different directions;put here and there 撒(某物);散布
    We scattered plates of food around the room before the
party。我们在聚会前把一盘盘食物摆放在屋 中各处。
    (vt) ～ sth with sth 将某物撒在某物表面上
    scatter the lawn with grass seed 把草籽撒在草坪上
        4、efface(vt)rub or wipe sth out;cause to fade 擦去，抹掉(某事物);使淡薄，使逐渐消
失
    Time alone will efface those unpleasant memories 只有时间才能使人淡忘那些不快的记忆。
    ★ erase(vt)rub or scrape sth out;remove all traces of sth 擦掉或刮掉某物，消除某事物的 痕迹
～ sth from sth
    　　5、glint(vi)give out small，bright flashes of light
闪闪发光;指某人的眼睛闪现某种神色
    (n)光泽，(尤指光亮硬物的)反光
    ★ flash(vi)give or send out a brief bright light 发出闪光
    　　6、onerous(adj)needing effort;burdensome 艰巨的，繁重的
    This is the most onerous task I have ever undertaken 这是我承担过的最艰巨的任务。
    ★ arduous(adj)needing much effort or energy;laborious 艰巨的，费力的
    The work is arduous and the hours are long 工作吃力，时间又长。
    ★ laborious(adj)(of work，etc)needing much effort (指工作等)艰苦的，费力的;吃力
的，不流畅的，不自然的
    　　7、iterate(vt)say sth again and again;make(an accusation，a
demand，etc)repeatedly 反 复说某事，一再提出(指责，要求等) ～ sth to sb
    ★ repeat(vt)say or write sth again once or more than once;reiterate
重复说或写，反复重申
    (vt)重做或重复(某事物)
    Such bargain offers can’t be repeated 这么便宜的价钱不会再有了。
    　　8、propensity(n)inclination or tendency 倾向、习性 ～ for/to/towards sth ～
for doing/to do sth
    ★ tendency(n)way a person or thing tends to be or behave (人物或呈现的)倾向、趋势
～
    to/towards sth/to do sth
    ★ inclination(n)feeling that makes sb want to behave in a particular
way;disposition 倾向、 意向、意愿 ～ to/towards/for sth ～ to do sth
    　　9、singe(vt)blacken sth by burning;scorch 烧焦或烫焦(某物)
    The iron’s too hot，you’ll singe the dress 熨斗太热了，你会把衣服烫焦的。
    ★ scorch(vt)burn or discolour a surface by dry heat 将(物体表面)烧焦、烫糊或烫的变色
    I scorched my shirt when I was ironing it。我把衬衫烫糊了。
    　　10、strut(vi)(贬)趾高气扬的走，高视阔步
    She strutted past us，ignoring our greeting 她神气活现的从我们跟前走过，我们打招呼她都不理。
    ★ swagger(vi)(贬)趾高气扬的行走或行事
    Don’t swagger just because you got the job 别因为得到了这份工作就得意忘形。
    　　11、unravel(v)(cause sth woven，knotted or tangled to)separate into
strands (使编织、 编结或纠结之物)解开，拆开;(比喻)使某物变清楚或获解决
    The mystery unravels slowly。那件神秘的事渐渐明朗了。
    ★ solve(vt)find an answer to a problem，etc;explain or make clear a mystery
etc 解决、解答(难题);解释、揭示(秘密等)
    solve a crime 破案