2019年考研英语：教你玩转英语定语从句

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​　　定语从句
　　The Attributive Clause
　　一、定义
　　在复合句中做定语，修饰名词或者代词的从句，由关系代词或者关系副词引导，又称为形容词性定语从句，位于先行词之后。
　　二、定语从句的引导词
　　1. 关系代词
　　指人：who（主语、宾语），whom（宾语），that（主语，宾语），whose （定语）
　　指物：that（主语、宾语），which（主语、宾语）whose（定语）
　　2. 关系副词
　　Where, when, why,how，相当于介词+which
　　三、分类
　　限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
　　1限制性定语从句 restrictive attributive clause
　　是先行词意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思不完整或者失去意义。从句与主句关系密切，不用逗号隔开。
　　The girl who wears a blue T-shirt is my little sister.
　　I like the sky that is blue.
　　2非限制性定语从句 non-restrictive attribute clause
　　和主句关系没有那么紧密，如果去掉，主句意思任然很清楚，只是对先行词的附加说明，这种从句，往往用逗号分开,引导词常常是which, as.
　　Basketball,which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
　　She is from China,as I know from his accent.
　　As is known to all, the earth moves around the sun.
　　四、重难点
　　（一）如何确定是关系代词还是关系副词？
　　A看定语从句中的主语、宾语成分是否都齐全。不缺成分用，根据先行词选择关系副词。
　　I will never forget the days when I stayed with you.
　　She is the girl who is our English teacher.

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　　B如果定语从句中缺宾语，看从句的谓语动词是及物动词或者不及物动词：Vt,选关系代词；Vi,选关系副词。
　　I visit the place where(in which) he used to live.(live, Vi)
　　He is the boy who I care so much.(care, Vt)
　　C 如果定语从句中的谓语结构是被动语态，有主语，就选择关系副词。
　　Hangzhou is a beautiful place where flowers are seen all the year round.
　　（二）只能用that的情况
　　1. 当先行词为all, much, little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，
　　All that can be done has been done.
　　2. 当先行词被all,every,no, some, any, litttle,much修饰时
　　I’ve eat all the apple that you gave me.
　　3. 先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级修饰时
　　He is the first one (that )spends so much time on me.
　　It is the best book (that)I’ve ever read.
　　4. 先行词被the very, the last,the only修饰时
　　He is the very person that I want to meet.
　　The blue T-shirt is the only one I really like.
　　5. 当有两个或者两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，引导词要用that
　　He talked about the people and places (that) he had visited.
　　6. 当先行词是疑问词who,which,what时，定语从句用that
　　Who is the boy that you want to stay with?
　　What is in the bag that you want to give me?
　　7. 当关系词在从句中做表语时，用that
　　He is not the man that he used to be.
　　（三）定语从句中as和which 的区别
　　1. 如果从句在主句后面，引导词可以用as也可以为which
　　The earth is round, which/as we all know.
　　2. 如果从句放在主句之前，引导词只能用as
　　As we all know, the earth is round.
　　3. 在the same...as, such...as, as...as, so...as中，一般用as
　　This is the same book as I told you a few days ago.