2014考研英语翻译指导：增译法详解

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增译法：英汉两种语言由于词法和句法有差异，表达方式也不尽相同，翻译时为了使译文合乎汉语的习惯和表达规律，为了使意思更加明确，从意义、修辞和句法上考虑需要在译文中适当增添一些虽无其词而有其意的词。
　　1)抽象名词后加词使其具体化。如: serious unemployment严重的失业问题
　　He was still reluctant to talk substance.他仍然不愿意谈实质性的东西。
　　2)增加一个适当的名词。如:
　　The temperature needed for this progressing is lower than that needed to melt the metal.这种加工方法所需要的温度要低于熔化该金属的温度。　Fundamentally, electronics is based upon an understanding of the physical world, that is, upon physics.电子学基本上是以人们对物质世界的认识，也就是以物理学为基础的。（补充被动语态省去的部分）
　　3)增加数量词。如: first oil well第一口油井　　It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。（真题示范）
　　4)增加形容词。如:
　　Speed and reliability are the chief advantages of the electronic computers.速度快，可靠性高是电子计算机的主要优点。
　　5)不及物动词后增加宾语。如:
　　John’s mother washed for a living after his father died.约翰的父亲去世后，他母亲以洗衣为生。
　　I haven’t enough time to read.我没有足够的时间读书。
　　6)增加连词。如:　　If you are an energetic man with which you are concerned, you find yourself invariably under the orders of some big man at the top who is elderly, weary and cynical.如果你是个精力充沛的人，对于如何恰当地完成你的工作有着独到的见解，那么你会发现自己总是听命于上面的某个大人物。而他又是一个上了年纪，精力不支，还爱吹毛求疵的人。
　　7)增加表示时态的词。如:
　　You were, you are, and you remain to be my beloved mentor.你过去是，现在是，将来仍然是我敬爱的导师。
　　We were hoping to have a holiday next week, but we may not be able to get away now.我们原来盼着下星期放假，但现在我们可能走不了了。
　　8)增加一个适当的动词。如:　　The world needn’t be afraid of a possible shortage of coal, oil, natural gas or other resources of fuel for the future.世界无需担心将来可能出现的煤、石油、天然气或者其他燃料来源短缺的问题。
　　9)增加英语中省略的词。如:
　　We won’t retreat, we never have and never will.我们不会后退，我们从来没有后退过，将来也决不后退。
　　When the owner noticed me, I said I was working until he hired me. He did.当店主注意到我时，我说我会一直干到他雇我，他雇了我。
　　10)增加一些适当修饰词语。如:　　The students rant all the way up to the station only to find that the train had left 10 minutes before.学生们一路跑到火车站，可惜火车10分钟前就开走了。