2014考研英语翻译指导：从句翻译法详解

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1)定语从句翻译法
　　A)合译法:把定语从句放在被修饰的词语之前，从而将英语复合句翻译成汉语单句。如:
　　Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 countries that receive U.S. aid.国会公布了关于接受美国援助的105个国家的人权情况调查报告。
　　B)分译法:根据定语从句的不同情况，我们可以将其翻译成并列分句、其它从句或独立句等。如:
　　Anyone who stops absorbing new knowledge is certain to lag behind.任何人如果停止吸取新知识，就肯定会落后。（翻译为条件状语从句）　　The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats.罢工会使远洋航船不能靠岸，因为他们需要拖船的帮助。（翻译成原因状语从句）　A geological prospecting engineer who had made a spectral analysis of ores discovered a new open-cut coalmine.一位地质勘探工程师对光谱进行了分析之后,发现了新的露天煤矿。（翻译为时间状语结构）　　The delivery of public services has tended to be an area where we decorate an obsolete process with technology.公共服务的提供方式已趋陈旧，这正是我们必须采用技术加以装备的领域。（翻译为并列分句）　We now live in a very new economy, a service economy, where relationships are becoming more important than physical products.现在我们正生活于一种全新的经济，即服务性经济中，各种关系越来越比物质产品更为重要。（翻译为并列分句）
　　2)主语从句翻译法
　　A)以that, what, who, where, whatever等代词引导的主语从句，可以将从句翻译成“的”字结构。如:
　　It is important that science and technology be pushed forward as quickly as possible.重要的是要把科学技术搞上去。
　　Whoever breaks the law will be punished.凡是犯法的人都要受到法律的制裁。（主语从句与主句合译成简单句，按顺序译出）
　　B)也可以译成“主-谓-宾”结构,从句本身做句子的主语，其余部分按原文顺序译出。如:　Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府究竟是以牺牲对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。（真题示范）
　　C)分译法:把原来的状语从句从整体结构中分离出来,译成另一个相对独立得单句。如:
　　It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.这个局势对国际安全是个威胁，这样的说法是完全正确的。（It是形式主语，that this situation is a threat to international security是真正的宾语）
　　3)宾语从句翻译法:由that, what, how, where等词引导的宾语从句一般按照原文顺序翻译,即顺译法。如:　　Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged.科学家们有理由认为人可以忍受远超过0.1雷姆的辐射而不受伤害。　　We wish to inform you that we specialize in the export of Chinese textiles and shall be glad to enter into business relations with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.我公司专门办理中国纺织品出口业务，并愿在平等互利的基础上同贵公司建立业务关系。
　　4)状语从句翻译法:有时也可以译为并列句。如:
　　Electricity is such an important energy that modern industry couldn’t develop without it.电是一种非常重要的能量，没有它，现代化工业就不能发展。（原文由such…that…引导的结果状语从句译为汉语的并列句）
　　5)表语从句翻译法:大部分情况下可以采用顺译法，间或也可以用逆译法。如：　　My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable.我的观点是一代人经常抱怨下一代人是不可避免的。（顺译法）
　　His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.他对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他，就是反对他。（顺译法）
　　Water and food is what the people in the area are badly needed.该地区的人们最需要的是水和食品。（逆译法）
　　6)同位语从句翻译法:先翻译从句,即从句前置。如:　　This is a universally accepted principle of international law that the territory sovereignty doesn’t admit of infringement.一个国家的领土不容侵犯，这是国际法中尽人皆知的准则。　　Despite the fact that comets are probably the most numerous astronomical bodies in the solar system aside from small meteor fragments and the asteroids, they are largely a mystery.在太阳系中除小片流星和小行星外，彗星大概是数量最多的天体了，尽管如此，它们仍旧基本上是神秘莫测的。