一叶知秋——《经济学人》文章欣赏阅读IV

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　　以下是中公考研英语研究院为大家整理的“一叶知秋——《经济学人》文章欣赏阅读IV”，以供广大考生参考，希望对你们有所帮助。
　　目前国内都在为房子发愁，为住处烦忧，城市建设也热火朝天的展开，无一不影响我们的生活。那么我们的邻居——战斗民族又面临怎样的情况呢?下面的文章将带大家管中窥豹。
　　Russians are rebelling against plans to tear down their homes
　　俄罗斯人正在反对拆除家园的计划。
　　WITH its tree-lined boulevards Moscow’s Bogorodskoye district is an island of calm in the clattering metropolis. Dmitri Pankov and Natalia Yakutova moved in a year ago, seeking fresh air for their young daughter and a place close to Mr Pankov’s mother. The ample greenery and accessible transport also attracted Igor Popov, who bought a flat several years ago in one of the Soviet-era apartment blocks typical of the area. “You can hear the birds chirp,” he grins. Late one evening in April they gathered with several dozen others to discuss how to save their beloved neigh- bourhood—not from creeping crime, but from the wrecking balls of city hall.
　　与喧闹的大都市相比，莫斯科博戈罗茨科耶区的林荫大道算是宁静的港湾。Dmitri Pankov和Natalia Yakutova一年前搬到这里，为小女儿寻找新鲜空气，并且靠近Dmitri Pankov的母亲。绿色盎然和交通便利也吸引了Igor Popov，他几年前在这个地区买了一套典型的苏联风格公寓。他笑着说“你能听到鸟的叫声”。4月的一个晚上，他们和几十个人聚在一起讨论如何拯救心爱的街区——威胁不是来自日益猖獗的犯罪，而是来自市政厅的破碎机。
　　Earlier this year Moscow city authorities unveiled plans to demolish as many as 8,000 buildings and move up to 1.6m residents from ageing low-rise apartment blocks known as khrushchevki. The ambitious urban makeover could touch some 25m square metres of housing, cost at least 3.5 trillion roubles ($61bn), and run for more than 20 years. The plan is the brainchild of Moscow’s mayor, Sergei Sobyanin, and comes with the blessing of President Vladimir Putin. For some residents, it means a chance to ditch dilapidated housing. Others fear being thrown out of their homes, and are furious at the prospect.
　　今年早些时候，莫斯科城市政府公布了一项计划，将拆除多达8000座建筑，并将多达160万的旧式赫鲁晓夫公寓楼搬到这里。雄心勃勃的城市改造可能涉及2500万平方米的住房，至少需要3.5万亿卢布(610亿美元)，持续20多年。这个计划由莫斯科市长索比亚宁发起，并得到普京的肯定。对一些居民来说，这意味着他们有机会抛弃破旧的住房。另一些人则担心被赶出家门，对前景感到愤怒。
　　On May 2nd the mayor’s office published a list of 4,566 buildings, home to some 1m people, that will be up for demolition. Owners and some tenants have been asked to vote: if two-thirds approve or abstain the building will go and its residents will be moved. Ballots must be cast by June 15th, even though a final version of the programme has yet to be presented.
　　5月2日，市长办公室公布了一份4566栋建筑的名单，其中居住有100万人口等待拆迁。业主和一些租户已经被要求投票：如果三分之二的人同意或者是放弃大楼，居民将被转移。尽管该计划的最终版本尚未公布，投票必须在6月15日之前进行。

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　　For now the outlines of the plan can be found in a draft bill that passed a first reading on April 20th. Residents will receive re-placement apartments of equal size, rather than equal value. Those who refuse would face eviction, with no possibility to appeal against the decision in court. And although Mr Sobyanin has promised to resettle residents within their current districts, many stretch for miles. Some people worry about being separated from family members; others that their commutes to work will lengthen. Such inconveniences may seem small. But they are the stuff of which daily routines are built; the invisible scaffolding that structures urban life.
　　目前，可以在4月20日通过的初审草案中找到。居民会得到同等平米(非同等价值)，。拒绝的人面临被驱逐的危险，也不可能在法庭上对这一决议提出上诉。尽管索比亚宁已经承诺会在所在区域重新安置，但很多新区域延伸几英里。有些人担心与家人分开，另一些人则认为上下班的时间会延长。这样的不便看起来不足为道，但那些日常生活的一部分，是构建城市生活的无形脚手架。
　　Khrushchevki have been central to Russian cities since the 1950s, when Nikita Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union, pushed the construction of prefabricated apartments to deal with a fast-growing population and a housing crisis. The new flats gave ordinary people private spaces for the first time, instead of communal apartments that housed several families at once. By Khrushchev’s death in 1971, more than 125m lived in the buildings. Most were not meant to last more than 25 years (by then, presumably, the bright communist future would have dawned).
　　上世纪50年代以来，赫鲁晓夫楼一直是俄罗斯城市的中心，当时的苏联领导人赫鲁晓夫推动了预制公寓的建设，以应对快速增长的人口和住房危机。这些新公寓首次给普通百姓提供了私人空间，而不是居住几个家庭的公共寓所。赫鲁晓夫于1971年去世，超过1.25亿人居住在这些建筑中。大多数人的本意并不是要持续超过25年(那时光辉的共产主义时代会到来)。
　　Without snooping neighbours to fear, dissidents gathered to swap samizdat, imbibe unsanctioned art and discuss politics. As a result these apartments helped to plant the seeds of a new middle class which, 30 years later, would come to undermine the Soviet system. Yet the khru- shchevki would acquire a less flattering nickname: khruschoby, a neologism that combines the Russian word for slums. They often have thin walls, low ceilings, creaky utilities and cramped corridors.
　　没有爱窥探的邻居造成恐惧，持不同政见者聚集在一起交换地下出版物，吸收未经许可的艺术、讨论政治。结果，这些公寓帮助播下了一颗新中产阶级的种子。30年后，这些中产阶级会破坏苏联的体制。然而，赫鲁晓夫楼将获得一个不那么讨人喜欢的绰号：khruschoby，一个俄语词汇与贫民窟结合在一起的新词。里面经常有薄墙、低矮的天花板、摇摇欲坠的公用设施和狭窄的走廊。
　　Improving living standards should not be controversial: under a plan initiated by Mr Sobyanin’s predecessor, around 1,700 khrushchevki came down. Many residents want to leave. But the recent plans have been introduced in a characteristically top-down fashion; for their critics, they smack of an assault on property rights and a handout for real-estate developers. Since becoming mayor in 2010, Mr Sobyanin has imposed wide-reaching changes to the city’s infrastructure, often with little regard for local opinion. Some projects are popular; others, like rooting up pavements, have left many Moscovites peeved, though not quite enough to protest.
　　改善生活不应该引起争议：在索比亚宁前任发起的一项计划中，大约1700个“赫鲁晓夫楼”拆除，许多居民想要离开。但近期的计划是以典型的自上而下的方式引入;对批评者来说，他们抨击对财产权的侵犯，以及对房地产开发商的施舍。索比亚宁自2010年成为市长以来，对城市基础设施进行了广泛改革，往往很少考虑当地意见。一些项目受到欢迎的：另一些项目，比如拆除人行道，尽管不足以构成抗议，也让许多莫斯科人感到愤怒。
　　通过文章我们发现，大家面临同样的问题。同学们不要忘了熟悉文中加粗的单词。
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