一叶知秋——从《经济学人》看翻译硕士考研文章

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以下是中公考研英语研究院为大家整理的“一叶知秋——从《经济学人》看考研文章”，以供广大考生参考，希望对你们有所帮助。
　　我们都知道，考研英语文章部分可能来自于《经济学人》。为了让大家能够对文章原文有一个更好的把握，熟悉其行为习惯，我们从《经济学人》2017年9月16号的一期中，选择了一篇文章翻译出来，以飨各位考生。此篇文章是有关癌症治疗的，希望大家通过这篇文章能有所收获。
　　Closing in on cancer
　　逼近癌症
　　Science will win the technical battle against cancer. But that is only half the fight
　　抗癌技术战斗中科学终将获胜，但万里长征才刚刚开始。
　　THE numbers are stark. Cancer claimed the lives of 8.8m people in 2015; only heart disease caused more deaths. Around 40% of Americans will be told they have cancer during their lifetimes. It is now a bigger killer of Africans than malaria. But the statistics do not begin to capture the fear inspired by cancer’s silent and implacable cellular mutiny. Only Alzheimer’s exerts a similar grip on the imagination.
　　惊人的数据表明，癌症在2015年夺去了880万人的生命，仅次于心脏病的致死数量。约40%的美国人一生中会得知自己罹患癌症。在非洲，它比疟疾更可怕。但这些数据并未引起人们对癌症无声又无情的细胞紊乱的恐惧。只有阿尔茨海默病对思想有类似的禁锢。
　　Confronted with this sort of enemy, people understandably focus on the potential for scientific breakthroughs that will deliver a cure. Their hope is not misplaced. Cancer has become more and more survivable over recent decades owing to a host of advances, from genetic sequencing to targeted therapies. The five-year survival rate for leukemia in America has almost doubled, from 34% in the mid-1970s to 63% in 2006-12. America is home to about 15.5m cancer survivors, a number that will grow to 20m in the next ten years. Developing coutries have made big gains, too: in parts of Central and South America, survival rates for prostate and breast cancer have jumped by as much as a fifth in only a decade.
　　面对这样的敌人，人们关注科学突破的潜力，使得癌症得以治愈。这可以理解，也并没有错。近几十年来，从基因测序到靶向治疗，一系列进步让癌症患者的存活率越来越高。美国白血病患者的5年生存率已经翻倍，从上世纪60年代中期的34%上升到2006到2012年的63%。美国拥有大约1550万癌症幸存者，在接下来的十年，这个数字将增长到2000万。发展中国家也取得了巨大进展：在中美洲和南美洲的部分地区，前列腺癌和乳腺癌的存活率在短短10年间上升了1/5。
　　From a purely technical perspective, it is reasonable to expect that science will one day turn most cancers into either chronic diseases or curable ones. But cancer is not fought only in the lab. It is also fought in doctors’ surgeries, in schools, in public-health systems and in government departments. The dispatches from these battlefields are much less encouraging.
　　单纯从技术角度看，我们有理由认为，科学将会把大多数癌症变成慢性病或可治愈的癌症。但是，抗癌不仅在实验室里进行，抗癌也需在医生的手术、学校、公共卫生系统和政府部门中进行。这些战场上的处理结果就没有那么令人欢欣鼓舞了。
　　Cell-side research
　　细胞侧研究
　　First, the good news. Caught early, many cancers are now highly treatable. Three out of four British men who received a prostate-cancer diagnosis in the early 1970s did not live for another ten years; today four out of five do. Other cancers, such as those of the lung, pancreas and brain, are harder to find and treat. But as our Technology Quarterly in this issue shows, progress is being made. Techniques to enable early diagnosis include a device designed to detect cancer on the breath; blood tests can track fragments of DNA shed from tumours. Genome sequencing makes it ever easier to identify new drug targets.
　　首先，有个好消息。许多癌症如果及早发现是很有可能治愈的。上世纪70年代早期接受前列腺癌诊断的英国男性中，有四分之三的没有活过十年;今天，这个数字变成了五分之四。其他的癌症，如肺癌、胰腺癌和脑癌，更难发现并治疗。但正如本期科技栏目所展示的，我们已经取得进展。早期诊断技术包括用于检测呼吸道癌症的设备;血液检测可以追踪从肿瘤中脱落的DNA片段;基因组测序让识别新药物靶标变得更容易。

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The established trio of 20th-century cancer treatments—surgery, radiation and chemotherapy—are all still improving. Radiotherapists can create webs of gamma rays, whose inter- sections deliver doses high enough to kill tumours but which do less damage to healthy tissue as they enter and leave the body. Some new drugs throttle the growth of blood vessels bringing nutrients to tumours; others attack cancer cells’ own DNA-repair kits. Cancer may be relentless; so too is science.
　　20世纪癌症治疗三部曲：手术、放射和化疗也一直在进步。放射治疗专家创造了伽马射线网，其截面发射足够切除肿瘤，进入离开身体时又对健康组织影响甚小。一些新药遏制向肿瘤供给养分的血管生长，其他药物还能够破坏癌细胞自身的DNA修复系统。癌症无情，科学对它也如此。
　　The greatest excitement is reserved for immunotherapy, a new approach that has emerged in the past few years. The human immune system is equipped with a set of brakes that cancer cells are able to activate; the first immunotherapy treatment in effect disables the brakes, enabling white blood cells to attack the tumours. It is early days, but in a small subset of patients this mechanism has produced long-term remissions that are tantamount to cures. Well over 1,000 clinical trials of such treatments are under way, targeting a wide range of different cancers. It is even now possible to reprogram immune cells to fight cancer better by editing their genomes; the first such gene therapy was approved for use in America last month.
　　最令人欣喜的便是免疫疗法，这是前几年出现的新疗法。人类免疫系统拥有一系列癌细胞能够激活的“制动系统”;第一波免疫处理实际上使这些系统失灵，让白细胞去破坏肿瘤。这是早期的过程，但在一小部分患者中，这个机制产生了长期应答，实际上相当于治愈了。针对这种流程的超过1000例临床试验正在进行，研究一系列不同的癌症。而且，现在也可以通过基因编辑，重新设置免疫细胞，让他们更好地抗击癌症。这种基因疗法在上月已在美国批准使用。
　　Yet cancer sufferers need not wait for the therapies of tomorrow to have a better chance of survival today. Across rich and poor countries, the survivability of cancer varies enormously. Men die at far higher rates than women in some countries; in other countries, at similar levels of development, they do comparably well. The five-year survival rate for a set of three common cancers in America and Canada is above 70%; Germany achieves 64%, whereas Britain manages a mere 52%. Disparities exist within countries, too. America does well in its treatment of cancer overall, but suffers extraordinary inequalities in outcomes. The death rate of black American men from all cancers is 24% higher than it is for white males; breast-cancer death rates among blacks are 42% higher than for whites. A diagnosis in rural America is deadlier than one in its cities.
　　然而，癌症患者不能等待将来的治疗以获得现在更大的生存机会。在富裕和贫穷国家，癌症的生存能力极为不同。某些情况下，一些国家男性的死亡率要比女性高得多;在其他国家，同等发展水平上他们情况相对要好。在美国和加拿大，一组三种常见癌症的五年生存率高于70%，德国达到了64%，而英国只占了52%。国家内部也存在差异，美国在治疗癌症方面总体上很好，但结果极其不平衡。美国黑人男性的死亡率比白人男性高24%，黑人乳腺癌的死亡率比白人高42%。美国农村发病致死率要高于城市。
　　以上是摘译的部分内容，同学们看看里面的主题是不是和考研历年真题里的文章有相似性呢? 其中的词汇也是很相近的。
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