2002年考研英语翻译真题及答案

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考研英语翻译题分值10分，其规定是，能将一般难度的英语短文译成汉语，理解基本正确，译文达意。一般来说，考研英语翻译主要是长句和短句的翻译，难度一般较大，不过如果我们能够掌握足够的技巧就会事半功倍的效果。下面新东方网考研频道考研整理历年考研英语翻译真题及参考答案，同学们可以参考复习！
       
        　　2002年考研英语翻译真题及答案
        　　Part B
        　　Directions:
        　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined
segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER
SHEET 2. (10 points)
        　　Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be
solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a
technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which
such a technology might be drawn. 1) One difficulty is that almost all of what
is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind,
feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once
followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. 2) The
behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory
items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of
explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but
its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this
function is difficult to discover and analyze. 3) The role of natural selection
in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the
selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the
individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction
between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects
once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced
to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become
available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces
traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and
dignity illustrate the difficulty. 4) They are the possessions of the autonomous
(self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices
in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his
achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the
achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values.”
Who will use a technology and to what ends? 5) Until these issues are resolved,
a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the
only way to solve our problems.
        　　答案解析
        　　Part B (10 points)
        　　1. 难题在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。
        　　2. 行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。
        　　3. 自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。
        　　4. 自由和尊严(它们) 是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。
        　　5. (如果) 这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。