2017考研英语:巧用词汇替换破解阅读细节题

考研族

　　考研英语阅读理解的一个重要考察题型是细节题，这类题目我们可以根据题干中的关键词回到原文进行定位，选择与原文意思比较接近的并且符合题目要求的选项。对于这类题目来说，正确选项一般是对原文内容的同义替换。而这主要是通过词汇的变换来实现的，包括1.原词重现;2.同近义词替换;3.反义词替换;4.上下义词替换。下面文都老师以2014年考研英语阅读真题的第二篇文章为例来看一下如何利用词汇技法来解答阅读中的细节题。
　　26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to
　　[A]the growing demand from clients.
　　[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.
　　[C]the prospect of working in big firms.
　　[D]the attraction of financial rewards.
　　该题询问学生选择法律作为自己专业的缘由，定位到第二自然段第二句话：The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. Skyscrapers-full of money即是financial rewards的具体内容。Attraction是tempting的同义替换，故正确答案是D。
　　27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?
　　[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.
　　[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.
　　[C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.
　　[D]Receiving training by professional associations.
　　该题询问是什么因素增加了美国大多数州的法律教育费用，定位到与教育花销有关的第三自然段：There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. a bachelor’s degree in another major是undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject的同义替换，bachelor’s degree是undergraduate degree的另一种表述方式，another major是unrelated subject的同义表述。
　　28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from
　　[A]lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance.
　　[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession.
　　[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers.
　　[D]non-professionals’ sharp criticism.
　　该题询问司法体系改革的阻力的来源，可以定位到第五段第一句和最后一句：The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically. opponents of change among the regulators , 反对改革的人来自监管人员中。regulators即是the restrictive guild-like ownership structure的维护者，是选项中的bodies governing the profession，rigid是restrictive的近义词。故选项是B。
　　通过考研阅读真题的分析，大家可以很容易看出，细节题的正确选项往往是对文章中某些关键信息的同义改写，形式看似不同，但是所表达的意思是完全一致的。如果大家想了解更多关于考研英语阅读的方法和技巧，可以登录文都考研频道查看更多考研信息。