湖南大学2012年翻译硕士考研真题及答案

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    湖南大学2012年翻译硕士考研真题及答案
        I. Phrase Translation
    中国特色社会主义 socialism with Chinese characteristics
    公民人身权利: rights of citizens
    低碳经济: low-carbon economy
    与时俱进: advance with the times ; keep pace with the times
    同甘共苦: share weal and woe ; share sb’s joys/happiness and sorrows
    优化产业结构: optimize the industrial structure ; modify the industrial
structure
    国际惯例: international practice
    醉驾: drunken driving; Driving under the influence; driving while
intoxicated
    节能市场机制: market mechanism to promote energy-saving
    新兴产业: emerging industry; sunrise industry
    平等互利: equality and mutual benefit
    基础设施建设: infrastructure construction
    经济发展模式: economic development model; model of economic development
    择优录用: appoint people according to their merits; enlist according to merits;
be selected on merit
    务实合作: practical cooperation; pragmatic cooperation
    clean energy: 清洁能源
    global climate change: 全球气候变化
    demonstration project： 示范项目，示范工程
    greenhouse gas emission： 温室气体排放
    poverty relief efforts：扶贫;扶贫工作
    capacity building: 能力建设;能力建构
    exchange of needed goods：互通有无
    rule of law: 法治
    place of historical interest: 古迹; 名胜古迹
    improvement of the people’s livelihood: 改善民生;改善人民生活
    incentive policy：激励政策;奖励政策;鼓励性政策
    provisional regulation：暂行条例;暂行规章
    media publicity：媒体宣传
    peaceful co-existence：和平共处
    hit-and-run：打了就跑的; 肇事逃逸的;肇事逃逸
    　　II. Passage translation
        Section A English to Chinese
    Homeownership has let us down. For generations, Americans believed that
owning a home was an axiomatic good. Our political leaders hammered home the
point. Franklin Roosevelt held that a country of homeowners was “unconquerable.”
Homeownership could even, in the words of George H.W. Bush’s Secretary of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD)， Jack Kemp, “save babies, save children,
save families and save America.” A house with a front lawn and a picket fence
wasn’t just a nice place to live or a risk-free investment; it was a way to
transform a nation. No wonder leaders of all political stripes wanted to spend
more than $100 billion a year on subsidies and tax breaks to encourage people to
buy.
    But the dark side of homeownership is now all too apparent: foreclosures
and walkaways, neighborhoods plagued by abandoned properties and plummeting home
values, a nation in which families have $6 trillion less in housing wealth than
they did just three years ago. Indeed, easy lending stimulated by the cult of
homeownership may have triggered the financial crisis and led directly to its
biggest bailout, that of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Housing remains a drag on
the economy. Existing-home sales in July dropped 27% from the prior month,
exacerbating fears of a double-dip. And all that is just the obvious tale of a
housing bubble and what happened when it popped. The real story is deeper and
darker still.
    参考译文：现在成为房主的美国人反而感到被拖累。多少代美国人都认为拥有住房是一项值得夸耀的成就。国家的政治领袖也为此平添丰富的政治寓意。富兰克林·罗斯福认为，一个人人皆为房主的国家是不可征服的。前总统老布什政府的住房和城市发展部(Department
of Housing and Urban Development, HUD)部长Jack
Kemp甚至称，房主能够拯救儿童、家庭，甚至拯救国家。拥有前院草坪和围栏篱笆的一套房屋，不仅是绝佳生活之地和无风险投资，购买住房还是一种引导国家变化的途径。这也就难怪所有政治人物都愿采用各式补贴和税收减免措施，每年拿出1000多亿美元的来鼓励人们购房。
    然而，争当房主的负面效果现已展现的淋漓尽致，人们耳濡目染的尽是丧失抵押房产赎回权和逃废按揭贷款债务，社区内大量充斥空荡房屋，住房价格暴跌，全国居民住房财富比3年前骤减6万亿美元类的消息。由争当房主这股风气带来的宽松贷款氛围就是引发此轮金融危机，直接导致政府对房利美和房地美两贷款企业进行史上空前的挽救行动。房市至今仍拖累着经济复苏。7月份已完工住房(existing-home)销售较前一个月下跌27%，加剧了人们对经济可能会出现二次探底的恐慌。所有这些都与住房市场泡沫和它出现爆裂后的影响有关。然而，事件对社会造成的影响更深、更广。
    Section B Chinese to English
    祥子想找个地方坐下，把前前后后细想一遍，哪怕想完只能哭一场呢，也好知道哭的是
什么;事情变化得太快了，他的脑子已追赶不上。没有地方给他坐，到处是雪。小茶馆们 已都上了门，十点多了;就是开着，他也不肯进去，他愿意找个清静的地方，他知道自己
眼眶中转着的泪水随时可以落下来。
    既没地方坐一坐，只好慢慢地走吧;可是，上哪儿去呢?这个银白的世界，没有他坐下
的地方，也没有他的去处;白茫茫的一片，只有饿着肚子的小鸟，与走投无路的人，知道 什么叫作哀叹。
    参考译文1：Auspicious son wants to look for a place to sit down, with the ins
and outs thin think of one time, what being able to only cry one know crying all
right even though wanting to be over is; Thing change has been got very quickly,
his brain already has gone after being late for. Without the place, give him a
seat , everywhere is snow. Small teahouses already have all have bolted the
door, more than 10; Be that he also is unwilling to go in be coming untied,he is
ready to look for the quiet place , he knows the tear that self eye socket is
transferring can drop off at any time.
    Now that have no the local seat , be forced walk slowly bar; Where do but,
mount getting rid of woollen cloth? This silvery white world , the place not
having him sitting down, neither have his place; Only when boundless white
slice, being starving abdomen’s birdie, and the people poor and utterly
helpless, know what lets work sigh in sorrow.
    参考译文2： Xiangzi wants to find a place to sit down, and think through the
whole thing, even if it meant crying for awhile after thinking, at least he’d
know what he was crying about; things changed too fast, his brain couldn’t catch
up. There was no place to sit, snow was everywhere. Small tea houses were all
closed, it was past ten; even if they were open, he wouldn’t go in, he preferred
to find a quiet place, he knew the tears rolling in his eyes could fall at any
time. Since there was no place to sit, he could only slowly walk; but, to where?
This silver world, had no place for him to sit, and no place for him to go;
everything was white, only hungry birds, and people with no place to go, know
what lament means.